I think the modern surfaces are in many ways not that horse friendly but perhaps give barefoot horses some advantages. I think the idea that barefoot and top level competition don’t mix did have some basis in reality before these specially engineered surfaces came into being both at home (although that’s still not available everywhere–unless the sand is imported) and at competition.
6 years ago, there was a push for more standardization in surfaces at this level
As previously mentioned, one of the huge benefit of shoes that is universal is the ability to use studs. Sure, grass is an obvious surface choice where studs are needed, but not all sand is created equal either. I looked up a horse from Syndey in 2020 and saw the horse studded all around. I noticed a lot of plain shoes, bar shoes, wide web shoes at Tokyo but can’t recall noticing studs on any of them, and certainly not in front.