Am I Feeding My Horses the Right Amount?

We just brought our horses home a month ago, and I feel like I’ve figured out a proper feeding routine, but I honestly don’t know if I’m feeding the right amount.

My one horse is about 1,300 pounds, 17 years old, and retired. I’m currently feeding him 4 quarts twice a day of Seminole Wellness Senior and 6 flakes a day of orchard/alfalfa (O/A). Our O/A weighs about 3 to 4 pounds per flake, depending on the flake.

My other horse is about 1,000 pounds, and I ride him 4–5 times a week. He gets 3 quarts twice a day of Purina Senior and 5 flakes of O/A daily.

Am I feeding them correctly?

8 quarts seminole wellness senior = 12 pounds per their data sheet
Says to feed 3-6 pounds per day for maintenance, 5.5-8 pounds per day for light work
18-24 pounds hay = 1.38 - 1.85% body weight

6 quarts purina senior = 7.2 pounds per their data sheet
Says to feed 8.25 pounds per day for light work, 10.75 pounds per day for moderate work
15-20 pounds hay = 1.5 - 2% body weight

Feeding is pretty subjective. There’s general guidelines to follow, but they’re all individuals.
On paper both seem fine. The recommended feed rates from feed companies are based on the vitamins/minerals/other nutrients in the product, not necessarily the calories, so you appear to be underfeeding the Purina Senior, but the difference doesn’t seem worrisome to me. On paper, at least. The both could get more hay, but you’re also feeding them a lot of a complete feed (which can be used in place of forage when necessary), so if they’re in a good weight, it’s probably fine.

Why are you feeding two different feeds?
Are they both in good weight?
Do they both appear healthy?
Do they get any grass/grazing?

How are their weights? Are you familiar with the henneke scale? Where do they rank?

How did you decide on their current diet?

In general, horses should be eating 1-3% of their body weight per day in forage. So a 1300# horse is looking at 13 - 39 pounds of hay. Aiming for 2% and adjusting on body condition or willingness to consume is usually pretty reasonable.

You’re at 24# of hay, best case. 18 if your flakes are 3 pounds. That seems pretty light. Is there a reason why he’s not getting more hay?

8 quarts of grain a day, especially for a horse not in work, is quite a lot. Is there a reason he’s getting so much?

The other horse at 1000 pounds is at 1.5-2% of his weight in hay per day. 6 quarts of hard feed isn’t unreasonable for horse in work, but there may be room to move up his hay, at least on paper, and doing so may lower his need for grain.

In general, keeping hay available full time and filling in any additional calorie need with hard feed is a good game plan for most. Quality of hay and ease of access can be adjusted based on the horse–some need free access to high quality forage and some easier keepers need restricted access to “diet” hay. Type and amount of hard feed can also vary depending on need, from a pound of a ration balancer to quite a lot more of higher calorie feed for harder keepers.

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Thank you for the replies! Both of my horses are on night turnout. The grass isn’t great right now because we’ve been in a drought. Their weights look good overall, maybe my smaller horse could gain a little more weight.

Their feeding is a little confusing because they came from two different barns with completely different routines. My bigger mare was on a grain-free feed, while my smaller gelding was at a show barn where all the horses were on a feed called Guidolin from Italy. It looks like hay cubes, but it’s a complete feed—no grain or hay necessary. They’re fed three times a day, and honestly, every horse I’ve seen on it looked amazing and maintained a healthy weight—many even on the heavier side. These were high-performance Grand Prix jumpers in heavy work, and they thrived on it.

My gelding was on that feed for the past two years with no issues, and given that he had colic surgery a few years prior, I was nervous to take him off something that had been working so well. When I brought both horses home, I planned to put my mare on Guidolin too. The company and the Wellington barn both said they’d never had a horse refuse it—but my mare, who’s always been picky, ended up being the first. She wouldn’t eat it at all.

The grain-free feed she was originally on wasn’t something I could get right away, so I asked my local feed store which senior feed they recommended most, and they suggested Seminole Wellness Senior. I remembered she had done well on Seminole years ago, so I started her on that.

As for my gelding, my new trainer was skeptical about the Guidolin feed. She believes every horse should be on hay and grain, and she also worried it might be too high-energy for him as a hunter (whereas the horses at the show barn were all high-level jumpers). I wasn’t really concerned about energy since he was always pretty lazy on it, but I decided to transition him over to grain and hay so both horses were on a similar routine. He’s now on Purina Senior.

A week into the switch, he choked for the first time. I think it was because he was used to chewing the cubes, and now he bolts his food. I began soaking his grain, and the issue stopped—except for one time when I thought he would be okay to try without soaking since he was fully switched over and doing well, and he choked again. So now we always soak his grain.

They’re both on O/A hay because my mare was on it previously and liked it, and I didn’t know what hay my gelding would do best on after two years off hay. They seem to like the o/a.

I’m honestly not sure if I’m feeding them correctly, and my biggest worry is that I’m not feeding enough. For my mare, I asked the previous barn owner how much Seminole to feed, and she suggested 1.5 3-quart scoops per feeding. My trainer thought that sounded like a lot but said if her weight looked good and she was eating it well, it should be okay. I ended up settling at 4 quarts twice a day.

My gelding was at 2 quarts twice a day after transitioning, but I just increased him to 3 quarts twice a day this week because I wasn’t sure if 2 was enough. On the Guidolin feed, he was getting 7 full 3-quart scoops per day.

Looking back, I wonder if I should’ve kept him on the Guidolin. He did great on it, I knew exactly how much to feed, and his weight was perfect. Plus, it made things easier for my dad—he liked that there was no hay to store or waste, and it was less expensive. Before, we were spending about $480/month for both horses on Guidolin (no hay). Now with grain and hay, we’re spending around $1,000/month—more than double—which my dad’s understandably frustrated about. It still wouldn’t have worked it for my mare though since she wouldn’t eat it.

Right now, they each get 2 flakes in the morning and evening, plus a lunch feeding where my gelding gets 1 flake and my mare gets 2. We’re going through about 1 bale of hay per day, and each bale is $22—so about $660/month just on hay, not including grain.

I also feel like they could both use more hay. They eat it so fast that if I wanted them to have hay in front of them all the time, I’d need to be tossing them each a couple of flakes every hour. I really want to make sure I’m doing the right thing for them.

This is my first time being totally in charge of my horses and I just want to make sure I’m doing everything right by them and just want to know how much I should actually be feeding them grain and hay wise to meet their nutritional needs and keep them healthy and happy.

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This is what they currently look like as of today

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I too became a new horse feeder after decades of boarding. And I really tended to over-feed at first. Seeing my horses all day, every day also let weight changes slip up on me.

The best moves I made were (1) buying a digital scale for feed, (2) buying a shipping scale to weigh hay, and (3) buying a livestock scale for my barn aisle.

Feed scale was about $20, shipping scale $70, and livestock scale $480. To save some money rather than buying a true horse scale I went with a 2,000 pound livestock scale. The platform is a bit shorter than a true horse scale but my 1,600 pound Clydesdale cross has no problem getting all four hooves on it, and it was half the cost of a true 4,000 pound horse and cattle scale.

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Is that all you were feeding…? No hay at all?

Horses are grazers and their digestive system works with fairly constant intake. They’re not designed to eat a meal and have no food for the next several hours. They’re not dogs.

The base of the diet should always be hay unless there’s a medical reason why the horse can’t have hay. Start with hay. For these horses that are on a really significant amount of bagged feed, free choice hay is a good place to start. If they waste loose hay, give them a bale in a net. It sounds like you really don’t know what they need beyond that.

Buying hay in bulk is nearly always less costly than buying by the bale. Do you have room to store all or part of a years worth of hay? Buying from the farmer, or dealer, is also less costly than buying from the feed store. Go up the supply chain.

eta: just to provide something to compare contrast:

I’ve got three horses. They’re all about 1000#s. I go through usually about 8 60# bales of grass hay a week. All hay is netted, but they always have hay available.

Two of the horses also get alfalfa. They split a 100# bale every week.

I’ve moved over to alfalfa pellets plus a few supplements rather than grain, but when I was doing a commercial bagged feed, two horses were fed 2 quarts a day and the third was fed a half quart.

Two are traditionally hard keepers in a boarding environment. The third would probably do okay, but would sure be pissed running out of hay and would be eating fences or developing ulcers or finding some sort of stable vice.

When I brought my horses home I invested in a weight tape, a luggage scale, and a kitchen scale.

Weigh everything and track waist lines to notice changes. It’s more consistent than our eyes as we see them everyday.

I feed unlimited netted hay and do a forage based feed system but my horses are easy keepers.

There is no right way and every horse person feeds differently, so if your horses look great, keep on keeping on.

Just saw the added pics, your horses are lovely.

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So you’re in Florida? Feeding small squares in Florida of anything other than Bermuda costs a small fortune. As Simkie said, free-choice hay is usually ideal. Have you looked into pasture blocks? Compressed blocks of alfalfa or o/a that weigh 500 or 1000 pounds, they’re usually $200+ cheaper per ton than small squares.
I fed free-choice alfalfa blocks when I was in Florida, and they were out on poor grass. I typically only needed about one 500-lb block per horse per month, which at the time was around $225-250. I think they’re closer to $300 now. That’s only 16 pounds of hay per day for 1200-1300 pound horses, but it was very high quality hay, and my horses never looked better. Only hard feed they got was a pound or two of ration balancer per day. The alfalfa they get down there in those compressed blocks is like straight magic.

I’ve seen enough of them choke on those sticky high molasses feeds that I either avoid them completely, or always soak/wet if it must used.

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This is probably an unpopular opinion, but I’ve never weighed feed or gone by the recommended amount on the bag (caveat: I feed a vitamin/mineral supplement that covers all of their needs in that department so I’m only feeding for calories).

When I get a horse, I feed the volume that they were getting fed before they came to me, and then I alter that as needed based on their weight. My horses are all on 24/7 grass that pretty much dies off in the summer so I often change their feed volume pretty quickly when they arrive as they’re normally not coming from pasture. Every horse is an individual with their own metabolism and workload, and every pasture is different, so it doesn’t make sense for every horse to get what’s listed on the bag with no other consideration to their condition.

If they are in good weight and you’re feeding them mostly forage, you’re feeding them enough, regardless of what the bag says.

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We have four horses. One is a 900 lb QH that is a senior horse. The other three are OTTB’s. One is retired, one works lightly and the other fox hunts. All get unlimited hay. We feed based upon workload and body condition.

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I don’t really pay attention to the recommended feed rate on the bag either, but people always comment on it in these types of threads so I just threw it in my review. :woman_shrugging:t2:

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Are you free feeding their hay currently? Putting it in small hole haynets would help slow them down and stretch the time they have hay available without you feeding even more. As far as the quantity you’re feeding, going through a bale a day for two horses is almost certainly plenty, maybe even a bit more than necessary if they have access to grass when they’re turned out. A decent rule of thumb is that horses should eat 1.5-2 percent of their bodyweight per day in forage. So that’s about 15-20 pounds for a 1,000 pound horse and it sounds like you’re easily meeting that.

Also please feel free to do yourself a favor and pick one senior feed for both horses. I personally love Seminole Wellness (which would also soak nicely for your gelding) but Purina Equine Senior is perfectly good stuff. You just have to let their body condition guide the amount you feed. 5-6 pounds per day is a perfectly good starting point for most horses.

Forget that Guidolin stuff though. $22 per bale is a truly excruciating price point for hay but still I can’t imagine opting to feed exclusively cubes to horses with normal dentition. I genuinely have so many questions. What does 21 “quarts” even weigh given how unwieldy cubes are to measure and scoop? Did they feed it soaked or dry? And I don’t doubt that their horses’ nutritional needs were being met on paper, but how many hours a day were those horses standing around with nothing available to eat?