Barn Building in the south~ What to do/ not do?

Hi all,

Starting the preliminary planning of a family farm renovation. The property is 12 acres of cleared pasture, curently home to cattle, but will be subdivided into smaller paddocks/pasture for up to 8 horses, and home to my future retiree heart horse.

Looking at barn design and building materials, what is the most logical setup for max airflow, shelter during significant storms, durability, etc in the south. (asking because I live up north and barns arent built the same due to weather conditions) Cinderblock? Wood? center aisle vs shed row? Is it more logical to build like barns are built in Florida with a more raised roof area and stalls for airflow and ventilation?

Looking at a minimum of 6 stalls with a temp controlled tack/feed room, and outdoor wash rack. Hay will likely be kept in another building, so a loft is not necessary. I’ll be running a small Amatuer friendly sales and lesson business out of it, and horses will be out as much as they please, so extra frills and fancy are being avoided. However, I do want a decent structure that is horse friendly, practical, durable to the south’s weather extremes.

If anyone has pictures or suggestions of how their barns are built to deal with the heat and humidity, hurricanes, etc while keeping horses comfortable, please share! Any what not to do’s/to do’s for barns in the southeast US are appreciated too!!

For hurricanes - CBS construction, metal roof, trusses strapped down, with a center aisle and hurricane roll-down doors. Also keep in mind flooding, and consider elevation / drainage when deciding on location for your barn.

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interconnect the paddocks… we have found this to reduce handling of the horses as we can shift them from paddock to paddock without haltering. Also build more paddocks than horses or stalls … and since you are building with the intent of horse sales have more than one isolation paddock that is in sight of the others but separated

And do not build more stalls than the number of horses you want to manage as surely a horse will be found to occupy any unused stall

Southern barns need ventilation. We have the top two feet all the away around our barn that has removable panels.
We also insulated the walls and ceiling… one barn is metal roofed the smaller is shingled…the smaller barn we used decking that was foil coated on both sides… this alone greatly reduce heat transmission

Water… run water to frost-free hydrants to all paddocks or at least to central locations to reduce the need of dragging hoses around

Electrical… what ever you think you need double it but use LED lights everywhere, we are just finishing the rip out of all the older lights having been changing the lights to LED …more light, less cost

We use DC powered fans that are fully variable in fan speed… none of the three settings… also the motors are fully enclosed rated indoor/outdoor

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In the South the enemy is heat, not cold. While the local Chamber of Commerce seldom wants to admit it, the South DOES get cold, but it’s rarely deep cold and it doesn’t last long. In VA you’ll get more than in SC or GA and if you’re in the mountains you’ll get more cold than in the Tidewater. VA is a big state; what works in VA Beach might not be such a good idea in Abingdon.

Keeping the above in mind, take the time to tour some local facilities and see how others have built. The “crowd” is not always wise but if you see a consistent pattern of building in successful looking facilities then you might want to explore how and way they were built that way and then emulate them. Look for signs of damage or other problems so that you can avoid, maybe, what damaged them. Keep your roof line high with lots of ventilation to remove heat from the barn. You can use ridge vents, cupolas, turbovents or some combination of these. Big fans are nice but better you take the time, and spend the money, to use things that don’t require electricity. Windows for cross ventilation are a good idea. Note how the wind, or breeze, blows on the hottest days of the year and orient the barn to be the beneficiary of that air movement. Insulate the roof. I didn’t and that was a mistake. It keeps the barn a bit cooler and doesn’t “rain” condensed moisture.

Make your barn aisle 14-16 feet wide. This will allow you to drive in and load/unload trailers in rainy weather. Position the barn such that you can have reasonable driveway access to accomplish this.

Don’t build a really “tight” barn that will keep air in. You want lots of air in and out. This will mean cooler in the summer and colder in the winter. Horses can handle cold better than they can handle heat.

Build for ease of maintenance. Every minute you spend cleaning, fixing, adjusting, etc. is a minute you don’t have to spend on equine and humine training. Spend the money in the design process to same money in the maintenance area. This is another reason to visit other facilities, as many as you can, and take advantage of the experience of others.

No loft in the barn. That would negate all you’ve done, so far, to get rid of heat. Plan to keep up to a week’s worth of hay in the barn, on maybe in a “lean to” built along it or in an empty stall. Doing this also significantly reduces dust in the barn.

A heated/cooled tack and feed storage are is a good idea. That really reduces the amount of mold and mildew in both feed bags and on leather tack. If you can’t heat and cool at least get a de-humidifier. All this presumes standard electrical service. That’s another good thing.

Water service should be IAW code for your area. I’m not a fan of “automatic waterers” as I like to informally monitor equine water intake for stalled horses. A hot water heater is a nice touch, as is a wash rack that be “enclosed” in cool weather. Then it can be use not only to bath horses but also as a vet/farrier area. You can find industrial heaters that will do in an enclosed 12’ x 12’ space and you’ll be a genuine hero to your vet and farrier. That makes a difference around the time you need their services. :wink:

In setting up paddocks if you have natural water and can use it then make use of it. That saves money in that you don’t have the cost to pump or buy water and means you don’t have to worry about horses running out on either hot or cold days. If you have to pump/buy water then look for the least costly methods of moving it around to where you need it. Consider something like this on your lines out to remote locations to protect yourself against a well pump failure or a really big water bill. http://www.wayscale.com/water-leak-detection/domestic-flow-based

A visit to your local Extension office is usually productive as they have plans and advice for things specific to your area within the state.

There are books written on this subject and these are just few lessons. Good luck as you go forward in your project!

G.

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I recently built a 14 stall training facility in Central Florida. Our priorities were airflow to keep horses as cool as possible in the heat and humidity, and safety/security in case of tropical storms/hurricanes. We went with a local builder with lots of barn building experience and that was VERY helpful. We did concrete block construction – upper grills between stalls, steel mesh/bar doors along the aisle, and steel mesh half doors on the outside along with sliding full aluminum doors that we can shut up tight in a storm. Barns aisles open all four directions (Center entrance, back walkway to covered arena, ends of both aisles with roll down metal doors that we keep open but can be closed for hurricanes and/or the few times we have nasty cold weather in the winter. Shingled roof and large cupolas. Fans in all the stalls – and in the 4 grooming stalls. Two inside wash racks. We’ve been really pleased with the ventilation as we catch the breeze no matter where its coming from. Air conditioned tack rooms and feed rooms and a lounge. Also a covered riding arena which is a must in Florida and worth considering anywhere in the south I think. So MUCH cooler in the summer — makes riding possible even in Central Florida. Protection from the sun (most important) and also rain as long as its not a torrential thunderstorm. Covered patio off the lounge with ceiling fans that faces the covered arena for watching/giving lessons. Send me a PM if you’d be interested in pictures or have other questions. Good luck and have fun.

Thanks for all the input. The transition is from northern VA to AL, so very big difference in weather. I did not think of insulating the roof, even with a raised roof for ventilation or removable panls for the seasons, but I like this idea! There will be lots of windows and open dividers between stalls for airflow.
The future barn wont be built on the footprint of the old barn, as its in a low spot on the farm, and although the old barn is cooler due to that low spot, it also allows for water to run down hill into the barn aisle, which is rare, since the property is not prone to flooding. Another thing to consider which I hadnt!

Talk to me about red clay/dirt management in the south. We have a lot of mud up north during the cold season. What does everyone do to manage high traffic areas in the south? Mulch, sand, gravel, oyster shells? I know mud is directly related to pasture and horse management (how much horse traffic thru gates, paddocks, barn area, grass management, grazing etc) and I plan to practice pasture rotation and management so there isnt erosion in high traffic areas, but sometimes it cant be prevented.

Are run-ins worth it? or do they tend to hold more heat and less air flow in the deep south? I rarely see any on the horse farms…the few are far between that they are where I plan to build. I dont have a whole lot of reference points…so if anyone knows of any farms within a few hours drive of Mobile, AL, I’d be interested in talking to the owners, if not taking a tour!

Thanks for all the tips!

Consider that hay handling keeps changing.

Right now we are getting 21 bale bundles that are stacked with a skid loader, not by hand.
Think how you want to store your hay so you have access to stack it.

We have a hay barn that you can drive down the middle and thow hay to the sides and stack it by hand, or with today’s bundles we can just do that with the skid loader and grapple.
We can also use the pallet points on the tractor to move those, or the large 4’ x 4’ bales, or round bales.

This all just to give you ideas, make all and any you make so it may serve any way you may do things.
Many show barns today are not even handling loose hay any more, but buy the hay in cube sacks, or use complete rations that don’t require hay at all.

Amazing Gaits in Theodore AL would be worth visiting.

here is link to Florida’s suggestion for preparations … I was in the New Orleans area working for FEMA after Katrina… there were hundreds of horses that we could not match up with their owners because there was not any identification on the horse, no embedded chips, no halters with ID plates… nothing … … last resort is to take livestock marker crayon and write the info on the side of the horse… include a contact phone number

note the contact numbers are for Florida, there should be similar info specific for Alabama
https://aaep.org/issue/disaster-planning-horse-farms

it is recommended to have at least two evacuation plans …

I just finished (using that term loosely, LOL) a barn renovation in GA. I have six stalls plus a large washrack/grooming stall and a tackroom which is now fully finished space, insulated/heated&cooled. I asked on here about how to handle that climate control and ended up getting a Pioneer inverter. It’s been fabulous and keeps the tack room super comfortable regardless of the outdoor temps. I also put fans and a solarium in my washrack/grooming stall because A) we spend a lot of time in that space and like the comfort factor and B) I wanted it to be a comfortable working space for our vet/farrier/bodyworker etc. (For the same reason, I have a nice small fridge in the tackroom that is stocked with drinks and snacks as well as one of those Keurig coffee machines that can make individual cups of coffee on demand.)

My barn has an insulated roof which has been fantastic, and is oriented on a higher area of the property which has been great for airflow; it catches every breeze and stays comfortable even when it’s quite hot outside. I did install fans in each stall and they also add to the pleasant “breezy” feel in the barn. We have dutch doors on the stalls that allow a nice cross breeze as well as provide the horses with a nice view to entertain them a bit when they’re inside. I have enough of an overhang that the tops of the dutch doors can stay open even when it’s raining pretty hard without the stalls getting drenched - that was just lucky and not something I would have thought of ahead of time if I were building from scratch.

One thing I haven’t seen addressed yet is manure management. I have a wide center aisle that we can drive down the middle of - we muck directly into a spreader so that we don’t have to handle dirty bedding more than once. I did not want a manure pile or any of the issues that come along with it, and we have enough property to easily be able to spread it on an unused field without problems so that is the approach we took. We had a visitor here the other day who asked about that process, and when I pointed out the section of the field that had been used earlier that day, it was difficult to see any of what had been spread; you certainly wouldn’t notice it if you weren’t looking for it.

I also created a couple of smaller paddocks out of one larger one that was closest to the barn. One of them has a big run in shed which is a convenient place to keep a new horse in a quarantine type situation, or someone who comes over for a short time (clinic or similar) if we want to keep them separate from our horses. I think it will also be nice for a horse that might be better off having shelter available while turned out for whatever reason. The rest of my pastures have some trees here and there but otherwise they are just big open fields without much shelter. The paddock closest to the barn is ideal for when you want a horse to get some fresh air but still be easy to bring in, whether for a farrier or to ride or what have you.

One thing to be thoughtful about is the amount of storage you will need for equipment, maintenance supplies and so on. I have a separate barn where we keep the golf cart, spreader, frequently used tools, etc. We have storage in there for hay and shavings as well. We got a discount on our insurance because we were able to keep that stuff in a separate building which was a nice plus, but I mostly like that all of the “not pretty” stuff is out of the way / out of sight (though very easily accessible.) I am pretty OCD about the barn being neat and tidy so having the aisle clear and not cluttered up with tools and wheel barrows and so on makes me happy.

Best of luck with your project!

Pam, is that you? I recognize you from the description of your barn. Lol

The above posts give some great suggestions. One thing I would add is the Deep South has termites, lots of termites. If using wood, make sure any touching or near the ground is pressure treated. Also make sure you have good drainage. Termites love moisture. You could also pretreat before building.

Starting the preliminary planning of a family farm renovation.

use a local address for all correspondence rather then your Virginia address… if not this farm’s address get a UPS Store mailbox or something similar that is local (these can be setup to forward all mail) , also might pickup a burner phone that has a local to the farm’s area code phone number … just so the contractors you may be contacting are not aware you are not there yet and to make them believe you are local so “local” pricing would be effective rather than rich person moving in pricing.

My step father retired, bought a farm in a rural area and the locals who did work for him really took advantage of the outsider.

Interesting… I didnt know this place was here and my farm is about 2 miles from here. Not very many pics or very much info on the website, but ill contact the manager. Thanks!

They are very nice people, super supportive of each other. I think it may be 100% gaited horses? But they are not the awful padded horses or anything like that. I’ll PM you :slight_smile:

This specifically is why I’m considering cinderblock, or a metal pole barn rated for hurricanes, and installing my own stalls inside. Im looking more and more at a shed row type design with large over hang at the rear of the stalls for paddock access, and overhang in the front for an aisle, with an open area under cover for a wash stall/farrier/vet area. I’ve also been looking at how the Florida Horse park built their permanent barns as an idea, but on a smaller scale. It seems they are well ventilated and have good airflow.

I’m not having luck finding local contractors that specialize in horse barns specifically, but I have found a few that build pole barns, mostly for equipment and car covers. That would leave me to install the stalls myself…so really I’d be paying to build a covered crushed stone/dirt pad.

I am in Ocala and bought my farm with existing horse facilities. We have a wood pole barn, it has withstood Hurricane Andrew and Irma and everything in between. It is well built with 6"x6" (maybe even 6"x8") posts.
As much as I love my pole barn, if I could rebuild (when I get to rebuild?) I would definitely be building a concrete block barn. But a metal pole barn isn’t a bad second-place contender.

The people that built my barn really didn’t use their brains on location. It is located at the bottom of a slight hill, and then the single-slope roof slopes down to the high side. Insert eye rolling GIF here. So, the rain slides down the roof to the higher side of the barn so it can just all drain right into the barn. Brilliant choice. We’ve done a lot of work to prevent flooding since we bought it. Built up stalls, put in a drain, gutters, etc. It’s all working fine for short term but I have a permanent solution planned that will require moving some paddock fencing, hopefully I get that done this winter.
So - use your brain on location and direction of roof slope(s). Pick a high spot, drain to the low spot.

We added three stalls and a wash stall to the existing lean-to on the back of the barn, barn came with five stalls. Building stalls is easy as pie, and WAY cheaper than prefab. You can always build your walls and buy the fancy prefab fronts, if so desired.

I quite love my shedrow down here in Florida. 14’ sloped to 10’ ceiling, nice and airy. My stalls are crushed rock (which we put in, 6" on top of the native sand) and matted, and I have a 16’ aisle in front of the stalls that is concrete and the best thing ever. I’m a big fan of huge aisles, and since my farm is a beach (sandy soil) the concrete aisle is far more useful in keeping everything neat and tidy than a crushed stone aisle would be.

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Googled Alabama horse barns and came up with many pages, this an interesting one, like you say, a shell and put portable stalls in there:

http://www.waldropmetalbuildings.com/horse_barn_kits.php

Many barns in TX are like that and if done nicely can look very spiffy.

I was advised when I moved to lower Alabama that a house with doors on the east or west side was best when the tropical storm force winds hit. The hurricane pattern (usually here they are a tropical storm by the time it goes through here, except Hurricane Ivan in 2004) is to circle counter clock wise, so the winds are usually from the north or south, so east and west facing doors are safer.

our neighbor has a cinder block barn… they have actual on the track race horses who have kick the walls breaking the blocks … so you might want to line the stalls with treated plywood.

Also… add lightening protection. Our barns are steel framed on steel posts that extend into the earth by about a foot before the concrete but we still have grounded the building with its own independent to the electrical system ground rods