Wow, those are some big nodes!
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy means that the lymph nodes in the mesentery (the membrane that sort of holds all of the small intestine to the body wall) are enlarged. Sometimes that can be reactive (to some other disease process) but given the size of them I, too, would strongly suspect lymphoma. Focal areas of jejunal thickening means that the wall of the jejunum (part of the small intestine - the part between the duodenum, which attaches to the stomach, and the ileum, which attaches to the colon) is thickened, in specific areas.
Ideally, GI biopsies would be performed (from what youāve said so far, Iām assuming you havenāt done that at this point) - they will give you the most information about whatās going on. Unfortunately with the location of the thickening, that would require an abdominal exploratory (sometimes you can get biopsies endoscopically, but you canāt reach the jejunum that way). The advantage to exploratory over endoscopy is that you can sample all areas of the intestinal tract (and given that the thickened area is the jejunum, I would definitely want to investigate that), and you can get full-thickness samples, which is more informative than just the inner portion of the intestine.
I would definitely consult with an oncologist; I donāt know the statistics of remission and survival times, but I have personally done chemotherapy on one of my cats successfully and have another that just began treatment for what is either IBD or early lymphoma (initial biopsy results point more toward IBD, but further testing is pending so we are covering both bases). In my experience, cats tolerate the chemotherapy quite well - my first cat was on chemo for years (aggressive at first, then less so as time went on) and you would never have known there was anything wrong with him.
Hopefully this was helpful to you - let me know if thereās anything else I can do! Best wishes to your kitty!