I know goldfish eat algae but I’ve never understood why they’re recommended for animal troughs over ghost shrimp or snails. Goldfish create a lot of waste, which just helps more algae grow!
You could make a cover for it to block sun, with just a hole for drinking (something may already exist on Amazon), which will help slow down algae growth.
I’ve known a lot of people that splash some bleach in the trough each time they fill it. I use chlorine tablets (flame suit on). A boarder put me on to them in Florida, and I never looked back. I use one small (1") tab for a large trough; it keeps the algae away for two weeks and you don’t get any taste or smell of chlorine. Have been doing it for seven years without issue.
Or as someone said, use a piece of hose to make a siphon, or go get an actual siphon from an aquarium store. If you want to just use a piece of hose, you’ll put one end in trough, and the end sticking out needs to be lower than the water level, then you’ll suck on the outlet end (with your mouth) until water starts coming, then it will empty itself.