Without trying to sound like a total cheating ass, a clenbuterol positive is far from the worst thing you can get. We regulate it because it absolutely is a performance enhancer with all the anabolic effects. But it is also really darn helpful for managing horses post-race. Having it around can be for a non-nefarious reason.
There are two separate problems when it comes to drugs:
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Lying cheaters who try to exploit the horse with illegal concoctions and procedures.
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Trainers who know no other way than to over-rely on legal veterinary medicine and will get a positive pushing withdrawal times or just making a mistake. These people aren’t necessarily trying to cheat but rather just make a living.
The people in category #1 just need to go. But it’s category #2 that is the larger issue and is trickier to reform. Driving those people out means ending racing, and many of them are good people who truly love horses and the sport; they have just been forced to play by these unwritten rules. And asking them to change isn’t as easy as it sounds, especially not when the cheaters are still around to get rich while everyone else goes through an adjustment.
I think it will take a good generation of HISA-like enforcement to clean up racing, so that we have time to develop vets and trainers willing to play by new rules. I just hope we can keep up the regulation that long.