My totally unscientific guess as to why bigger rated shows are so much more expensive today than they were back in the day is that labor is the primary driver of increased costs. Back in the day you could run a show with one adult show manager and a bunch of barn rats and maybe a volunteer adult or two. Now it’s a business. You need to pay SO MANY people with SO MUCH specialized knowledge. 2-3 people to run the entry software and be in the office, the people who deliver the jumps you rent, the people who set up the jumbotron, the people who drag and water, several judges (one per ring), stewards, barn managers/staff for night check, jump crew, etc.
And the cost to rent the facility has increased for the same reason-- the labor costs of the property owner. Gone are the days when you had one guy who just maintaned all the buildings, rings, and mowed. Now you have to hire a company to come re-grade the ring and another company to paint the fences and another company to mow etc. etc. etc. And the more specialized the labor is, the more you have to pay for those laborers.
I highly suspect that we have a lot more “boots on the ground” of all types at rated hunter/jumper shows (whether we NEED all those people or not-- I mean who NEEDS a jumbotron?) as compared to breed shows. I also think there’s a little “I can charge more because people will pay more” going on when you compare hunter/jumper to breed shows-- but I’ve been to APHA/AQHA shows at the same facilities that host hunter/jumper shows and it appears to my anecdotal eye that there are way way way fewer staff at breed shows. WAY fewer.
The logistics of breed shows can be much easier (again my experience is APHA/AQHA). You don’t need people moving jumps around all day when 90% of your classes are rail classes. Showmanship is like a freebie, it’s a bunch of people standing around with horses. You need to do almost nothing for them. Every class is divided by age, and sometimes further divided by sex, and sometimes further divided by color. What do you need to run 25 rail classes? A ring with a judge, an announcer, and a steward. Because it’s just a plain old ring and your competitors come in and out. What do you need for 6 hunter divisions? A course designer, someone to set up and supervise the schooling ring, someone to set jumps in the schooling ring, someone to drive the jumps and fill into the competiton ring, a lot more people (or manpower hours) to set those jumps up because they’re actual courses and fill for all the fences, someone to drag and water, a jump crew to pick up rails that get dropped and to tear down jumps every few classes for the hack, AND a judge and an announcer and a steward.
YES, it’s true that a stall at the facility is the same stall whether you’re hosting a APHA/AQHA show or a USEF show… but there just seems to me to be so much more effort and so many more paid staffers/contractors that are needed for a hunter/jumper show. If I had to guess, that’s where the price difference is.
Having run schooling shows and pony club rallies and similar… I can tell you my experience was you needed WAY WAY fewer people to accomplish a breed type 4H show than a pony club show jumping rally. Even if they ran the same hours and had the same number of entries. Everything associated with jumping added time, complications, and required manpower. Everything associated with changing gears between types of classes (jumping to hack or jumper to hunter or even big jumps to short stirrup type jumps) was the same.
Back in the day, a lot of people who you saw working at a horse show were VOLUNTEERING. Good luck getting people to volunteer now!