As a small animal ER vet, I suggest asking your GP vet to show/discuss what conditions are emergent and what are not. I’m sure not many horse people are going to do this, but we have any number of non-emergent “but there was so much blood” things show up in our ER ie a torn toenail, laceration on ear from dog bite, etc. Those can be fixed or at least held over till morning at home with pressure and common sense. Know your animals normal gum color, capillary refill time, temperature, and heart and resp rate. Touch your pets belly and push in, know whether they tolerate that or hate that on a normal day, know how firm their abdomen usually feels. Ask either an equine vet or small animal vet to show you how to check those things at an appointment.
Basic first aid for wounds is great - flush with saline or even water (not hydrogen peroxide). Clip fur if you’re able. Cover if you’re able (but in small animal if you’re bandaging a leg, you have to bandage to the toes to not cause distal limb swelling). Put a cone on the pet to keep them from licking the wound. Don’t give your dog or cat ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen. There are dog safe Meloxicam dosages, but dogs are dosed on weight, so your Aussie isn’t getting the same dose you are. NSAIDs have higher risk of nephrotoxicity and GI effects including ulceration and perforation in dogs and cats, so we dose on body weight and like to know kidney values before giving. You also can NEVER use two NSAIDs or an NSAID and steroid simultaneously in a dog or cat. Never. Dogs and cats can take gabapentin and tramadol, but check with your regular vet ahead of time to find out an appropriate dose.
Heat stroke will kill dogs very, very rapidly. They don’t know when to quit playing etc. If you suspect heat stroke (or know it is), cooling the dog off by hosing off then blasting the AC while on the way to the vet increases their chances of survival.
Please, please, if your animal has a chronic condition or abnormal bloodwork, get copies of records and bloodwork and keep them on hand either digitally or in print form. It is amazingly useful to either not have to repeat bloodwork that was done less than 24 hours prior OR to know that the elevated liver enzymes are chronic and are not related to the current problem. Your regular vet not being open to send us the info and us not being able to access the info are not cause to be mad at us or them. It’s just the way the world works, be prepared instead of pissy.
Along those same lines, work up a problem WHEN you notice it with your vet. I unfortunately diagnose a lot of diabetics once they are in diabetic ketoacidosis. They are then much less likely to survive and much more expensive to treat. Most owners have noticed a few week history of increased thirst/urination and even weight loss leading up to presenting in the ER with a pH of 7.0 and a glucose too high to read. Same story with kidney disease. Dental care as well. The reason your GP recommends a dental is to address issues before they become emergent. Untreated periodontal disease can lead to a painful tooth root abscess. Then your pet stops eating. All I can do on ER is antibiotics and pain meds and recommend you schedule that dental with your GP to get the tooth extracted. If you notice a change, make an appointment before it becomes an emergency. Your pet and wallet will thank you.
There are two pet poison services available if your pet eats something weird. You have to pay for the service, but they’ll tell you urgency and possible signs of toxicity. If you don’t have access to an ER vet, ask your vet ahead of time for a hydrogen peroxide dose, knowing that hydrogen peroxide causes gastric and esophageal irritation and erosion, so you literally may need to pick your poison.
Some legit, cannot wait till the morning or Monday emergencies…
- Male cat that cannot urinate (or you don’t know if he is and he’s vocalizing, has abdominal pain, and is vomiting/not eating/not moving
- Large breed dog (or Doxie because they’re weird) that has a distended abdomen and unproductive retching
- Pale or white gums, especially when coupled with increased resp rate or effort
- Increased resp rate or effort
- Anything with significant abdominal pain
- Collapsed or won’t get up
- More than two seizures in a 24 hour period or a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes.
Things that can wait…
- Blood in diarrhea IF the dog is eating/drinking/not vomiting. Especially if you’ve watched it have diarrhea for 5 days now. The 2am blood doesn’t worry me much if everything else is normal. Just means there is now colitis from the diarrhea.
- Itching anything (unless coupled with collapse and vomiting which could mean anaphylaxis). Benadryl dosages are available online or from your vet.
- UTIs in female dogs (provided there is no vomiting and they are still eating/drinking)… Yes the dog is uncomfortable, yes it needs to be treated, no it doesn’t need to be treated overnight.
- Ear infections
- Vomiting once or twice with everything else normal
- Limping. Please for the love of all that is holy, don’t bring me your lame dog on ER. Especially if it is a large breed dog that is painful on extension of the stifle (most often a cruciate tear). Rest the dog, follow up with your regular vet for dog appropriate pain meds.
- Dog ate chicken bones. This is a weird one. We can’t guarantee they’ll pass. But if you induce vomiting, you risk getting a bone stuck in the esophagus which is worse. So I don’t induce vomiting and just recommend monitoring for abdominal pain, loss of appetite, or vomiting.
- Single seizure lasting less than 5 minutes in an animal who was acting completely normal and shortly after seizure (ie less than 10 minutes) goes back to acting completely normal.
If everyone with the bleeding toenail/limping/scratching/chronic diarrhea could stay home from the ER then everyone with true emergencies could get through much faster. But this is symptomatic of the bigger problem of vet shortages ie the UTI and ear infection. It doesn’t need to be treated in the next 12 hours, but it sure needs to be treated before the next available appointment in 2 weeks, so there you are in the ER.
Unlike human ERs, we have a right to refuse service even if that means sending you on a 4+ hour drive to the next closest ER. So if you come in and start screaming at people, you will be handed your animal and asked to leave. We lose so many support staff because of the environment clients create. My priority is taking care of your pet, but if you are a dick, unfortunately your pet loses because I will choose to support the people I work with by asking you to leave.
Similarly, if you have the where with all when you’re leaving the house, grab any of your pets meds, a book and phone charger for you, and a snack for you.
Alright, hopping off my soapbox now. I hope some of this info was helpful.