Leukemia in dogs?

My middle aged lab has been having health troubles for a while and we’ve tentatively diagnosed him with leukemia. His platelet count has been decreasing and he seems to fit the other symptoms as well. Two weeks ago his platelet count was 148,000 and yesterday it came back at only 84,000. The original reason for the blood work was to check his organ function after a seizure.

The plan right now is to do a course of Prednisone and then recheck his blood in two weeks.

Has anyone had experience with leukemia in dogs? How did it present? What treatment did you follow? What was the outcome? This is my ‘heart dog’ and I’m incredibly worried about him. I’d really appreciate hearing other people’s experiences.

[QUOTE=Lone;5784913]
My middle aged lab has been having health troubles for a while and we’ve tentatively diagnosed him with leukemia. His platelet count has been decreasing and he seems to fit the other symptoms as well. Two weeks ago his platelet count was 148,000 and yesterday it came back at only 84,000. The original reason for the blood work was to check his organ function after a seizure.

The plan right now is to do a course of Prednisone and then recheck his blood in two weeks.

Has anyone had experience with leukemia in dogs? How did it present? What treatment did you follow? What was the outcome? This is my ‘heart dog’ and I’m incredibly worried about him. I’d really appreciate hearing other people’s experiences.[/QUOTE]

So sorry to hear this! I have known 3 in my past 2 years working in the ICU, one was not treated and the other two did well short term (didnt stay inthe ICU for more than a week so Im not sure on actual survival time). However, we recently have had two dogs come a few weeks ago that were sent for leukemia,but actually had ITP - both those dogs are doing wonderfully well :slight_smile: I’ll keep my fingers crossed your pup has some response to the steroids, sometimes those cheap tablets can be lifesavers!!

I seem to be having a special on low platlet patients. 3 in 2 weeks with NO platlets.

Leukemia per se is an uncommon cause of low plat numbers.
Has he tick titers done?
Checked for autoimmune disease?
What else in his blood work?
Any clinical signs? What do you mean by “heart dog”?
Need more info. Sorry.

And might want to consider more work up: ie rads, Ultrasound, and prob a bone marrow biopsy.

Thanks Squish, I’m really hoping the Prednisone makes a difference too. I’m very anxious for our appointment in a few weeks to re-check his platelet levels.

Meghan- we haven’t done any tick titers. I check him carefully for ticks after we’re in the woods and he’s also on Frontline, but I’ll definitely ask my vet about that next time we talk. Would a check for autoimmune diseases have been part of the blood work? My vet did talk about autoimmune problems when we were originally discussing potential explanations for the low platelet count. The vet said his white blood count was slightly high (sorry, I don’t have the exact number) but that everything else was normal.

“Heart dog” isn’t a diagnostic term at all- just something that people here sometimes use to describe a horse or dog that is extra special to them. Boomer is my very best buddy :slight_smile:

As far as other symptoms… this might be long, but I don’t want to leave out something that could be important!
He’s a 6 1/2 (ish) year old lab, I got him from the pound when he was 1 1/2. He’s always been somewhat accident/injury prone, but has overall been healthy and active. Over Christmas break he was staying at a kennel and he stopped eating and drinking. I took him to the vet when I got home and he was hospitalized for several days and given fluids and prescription food. Extensive diagnostics were run at that point but didn’t turn up anything of interest. His platelet count was slightly low (199,000) and his hemoglobin and hematocrit were slightly high (19.5 and 55.4) at that point.

A few weeks later, his energy level was still below normal, and he’d occasionally crawl into his crate and whimper. We went back to the vet and they decided to try a round of antibiotics in case he had an infection. A few weeks later, nothing had changed and we did blood work again. The results were very close to the same- platelets 196,000, hemoglobin 19.2, hematocrit 55.4- the vets decided they were close enough to ‘normal’ that they were probably okay. At my insistence, we started to look for a source of pain. We did lots of xrays and found some bone spurs and arthritis in his shoulder and started him on Rimadyl.

We spent a few months messing around with the dosage of the Rimadyl and he still wasn’t back to normal (didn’t want to play as long as normal, would limp slightly after a walk, occasionally would whimper, etc) I also started noticing him limping on his back leg. The vets didn’t think anything was wrong with his back leg, and wouldn’t help me pursue new, better drugs for him.

I switched vets and the new guy instantly confirmed that there was something wrong with his right hind also- found tons of arthritis in his stifle and some scar tissue on his tendon. We started him in Adequan and began trying some different pain meds for him. A few of the meds would help his pain but were causing vomiting. At this point, he’s on Previcoxx and Pepcid AC and has been on them for about 2 months. He seems much happier on our walks (we walk for about 20 minutes a day) he sometimes looks a little lame on his hind leg, but is mostly sound.

He’s always been a very happy, enthusiastic dog and that has changed in the last few months. I wouldn’t say he’s miserable at all, but he definitely isn’t as happy and cheerful as he used to be. He’s spending a lot more time in his crate (his ‘safe’ place) or under my bed. Some nights he seems uncomfortable and still whimpers every now and then. A few weeks ago he had a seizure which is what prompted this round of blood work.

As of March, we had rads for pretty much his whole body and everything was normal except for the problematic shoulder and stifle. We haven’t done any ultrasounds.

Sorry that was so long! I’d love any more insight you might have to offer.

He might have erhlichia - that might be a good reason to do the tick titer. We never saw ticks on our dog and she came up positive for it a few weeks ago.

Get tick titers done. Just cuz you don’t see ticks on him, and he is on preventative does NOT rule out the possibility of tick disease. Got one now that is RMSF +, and no platelets. And “has never had a tick on her”. Well, she has had one her somewhere along the line or she wouldn’t be RMSF + and have no platelets!!

You say she is on Frontline? If plain Frontline, that doesn’t do ticks. Need Frontline PLUS to get ticks. Here in OK many ticks laugh at Frontline Plus, etc. Many dogs need amitraz collars as well as a topical tick preventative. But it doesn’t sound like you have that issue.

Even if you don’t get tick titers done, get your vet to start her on some Doxycycline too, in addition to the pred. At the very worst it won’t do anything. Do 10 mg/kg twice a day for either 2 weeks or until titers are back to tell you otherwise.

A presistent HCT of 50’s worries me a bit. Stressed dogs can release a lot of RBC’s from their spleen, making their HCT go up with stress but it still worries me. Has a blood smear been done?

Oh, if she is still on Previcox, get her off it NOW. Real no-no with pred. And if she is low on platelets you don’t need to inhibit the function of the few she has.

Anything in her blood work that was “just in normal” ranges? Ie not flagged as low or high but in the lower/upper end?

Thanks for all that information Meghan.

He is on Frontline Plus, but I’ll definitely ask my vet about checking for tick diseases and starting him on doxy

He’s in a lot of pain without the Previcox, is there some other pain medication I should ask about putting him on in the meantime? Thank you for giving me the heads up about that, I asked the receptionist about continuing with the current medication regime in addition to the Prednisone, and she said it was fine, but I should have double-checked with my vet.

I know a blood smear was done in January and February, I’m not sure if it happened again this time. I don’t have a full copy of the blood work results from this week, so I don’t have a lot of detail. I do have all the info from the tests that were done in the winter, might be old enough that they’re irrelevant, but his RBC was on the high side of normal- 8.05 and 8.28 as was his MCH- 24.2 and 23.2. I think the clinic is closed tomorrow, but I’ll try and get a full copy of the blood work on Monday.

Thanks for the help!

Absolutley, get off the NSAIDS now! Too high of a risk when giving prednisone. The pred should make his joints fairly comfortable - and you can always discuss other pain relief withyour vet for the meantime…but ideally, mixing NSAIDS with steroids is a huge no-no.

TBD titres are always a good idea, and if they are truly still thinking leukemia, a bone marrow biopsy might be a step not to skip. Doing both these tests at the same time is ideal as both have some form of waiting time for results.

Good luck with him!!! Please keep us posted!

His last Previcox was this morning- I definitely won’t give him anymore while we’re on the Prednisone! Thank you both so much for letting me know about the reaction that can happen with those two drugs.

If it is confirmed that he has leukemia, would the treatment be something other than the Prednisone? I’m a grad student and am on a fairly tight budget. I definitely don’t want to skimp on anything that’s important like the bone marrow biopsy if it’s necessary though!

Thank you all so much for the help!

I got a copy of the results from the last round of blood work in the mail today. The only thing that was flagged as low was the platelet count (87), but there were a few other things that were on either the high or low side of normal-
Creatinine 1.33
Phosphorus 3.8
WBC 7.0
Hemoglobin 17.3
Hematocrit 50.4
MCH 23.7

Does anything there jump out as something I should worry about?

He’s doing pretty well on the Prednisone without any other painkillers. He whimpered a little bit this morning, but yesterday we had more activity than normal. The plan is to do blood work again in about a week and a half to check and see how the Prednisone is working. What is the Prednisone actually doing (or hopefully doing)? Does it help the platelet count increase, or just keep it from decreasing, or…?

Thanks for the help!

If he is still painful without the previcox, Tramadol is safe to use with Prednisone. It doesn’t have any anti-inflammatory benefits but will provide pain relief.

Has anyone mentioned IMTP? It’s an immune mediated disease in which the body destroys the platelets.
The treatment for IMTP is prednisone or another steroid to suppress the immune system, so you’re on the right track either way.
Unfortunately there aren’t any really good tests for it. There are a few things you can do, like an antiplatelet antibody test, but false negatives can occur.

Is the WBC count still high? I know that was the reason your vet was thinking Leukemia. How high was it? Is it possible there was another infection brewing somewhere that was possibly unrelated? Have you done a course of antibiotics?
From my understanding, Leukemia causes a very high WBC, not just a slightly high one, so I’m hoping that’s not the problem!

I also think it’s a good idea to run a test for ehrlichiosis just to rule that out as well.

Give Boomer a hug and kiss for me!

Thanks Leah! The white blood count (I think that’s WBC?) was actually kind of low this time- 7.0. I don’t remember what the number was before, but I know it was a little above normal.

We did a big round of antibiotics over the winter back when we were first trying to figure out what was going on, but that didn’t have an effect on the platelet count.

I’ll definitely ask about tick diseases too next time we’re at the vet’s!

Luekemia in dogs is rare. I unfortunately had a dog with it. My vet had only seen 3 cases in 35 years of a very large and diverse practice. There was no option for her. Chemo does not work particularly well, and the dogs in general feel terrible. While waiting for the bone biopsy results she had 3 blood transfusions. When the biopsy showed what it was, my poor dog was immediately euthanized with me there. She was in such bad shape I did not even feel I could bring her home for a day. Hers was acute onset luekemia. This was approximately 6 years ago. I am not sure if there have been any new treatments made available. Hugs to you and your dog.