The Miramar horses are all Saddlebreds, with comparatively long, narrow heads. This fitting, while close to the eye, is the traditional look seen on Saddlebreds in Carriage Driving. They can afford anything in harness, use the finest makers, with harness made to suit the vehicle being driven. You will see this tight, big blinker fitting in older driving photos. There was a LOT out on the roads to frighten a sensitive driving horse and limiting vision to “straight ahead” was a safety measure in preventing spooking and runaways. Not seeing things or such a short glimpse horse had no time to process “scary, danger” before thing was gone, made snug blinkers very common in the past. Jobs horse did, could make blinker setting choices on the animal. Morgan Currier and Ives prints all seem to show wide open, square blinkers. Maybe a breed or location (New England) style?
The first photo of the ridden horse shows him set up as the “Cockhorse.” A Cockhorse ridden by a groom/guard wore harness and saddle with singletree beside rider. Singletree is then connected with rope to the wheeler’s pole end when going up steep hills, mountains, bad roads, sticky ground. No pole between Leaders. These places would be where ALL the four Team horses are pulling hard. Usually any Leader pulling is done on straightaways so Leaders are not pulling the pole sideways to knock the Wheelers aside and down! The Cockhorse out front adds his strength in getting the vehicle up past the hard section of road. Again all FIVE horses are pulling straight forward.
The Cockhorse is mostly a European tradition, but rich Americans copied the European traditions to be correct, including having a Cockhorse with their turnouts in certain settings.
Some Inns in the UK and Europe stationed a Cockhorse with rider at the base of steep locations to be hired for getting up to the top of a mountain, etc. Those coaches are heavy, very weighty when fully loaded with passengers and luggage, so the Four horse Teams do need help when facing steep climbs.
Drivers of Fours and Tandems need to be able to “hold off” the wheeler/s during turns, so they are following Leaders tracks, not cutting in on a shorter path. Going shorter means you hit things!! Tandem is the “Poor Man’s Four” and takes much skill to keep them going forward. One rein twitch can have the Leader coming back around to visit with you in a heartbeat!! Tandems were seen at Hunts, with the fully saddled and bridled Hunt horse in front (a Sporting Tandem now), doing no work (slack traces) so Leader was fresh for chasing the fox. Groom drove the Wheeler and cart when Leader was removed.
Two ways of connecting a Tandem Leader are Tandem keys put on the collar short tugs of Wheeler to carry long Leader Traces. The other is using Tandem Bars, two hinged bars between Wheeler and Leader, which we found to be much better (SAFER) as a way to connect the horses. Ours were modern Tandem bars, only as wide as the horse, not wide and floppy as the old timers used. Did not need special length Leader traces. We had tried the Tandem Keys, hung up both Leader and Wheeler with the long leader traces dragging the ground on turns before going to the Tandem bars! Ack!! Definitely not suited for our CDE tandem! Forgiving horses kept us from wrecking.
There were also working horse Tandems pulling carts to deliver goods to homes. They worked in narrow locations, alleys, but needed the strength of 2 horses to move the loads of coal, refuse in the heavy built carts.
I love seeing the Miramar horses being driven. Always correct, properly turned out with their vehicle. They have been shown with the beautiful horse drawn fire engines and stagecoach in past Rose Parades.