Mystery Colitis

What we know:
Over the last two months, we have had two horses hospitalized with unexplained diarrhea.
First horse was in July at the clinic for 7 days
Second horse started showing signs of diarrhea at 11 am last Sunday, admitted to clinic Monday afternoon.

Both horses had liquid poo, and mild temps (High of 102.2 so far) no other distress.

At admission, both horses were suspected of Potomac and initially treated as such.
Fluids, banamine and oxytetracycline. Both horses have consistent vaccine history

First horse improved only minimally with Potomac meds and fluids, and did not start to show improvement until started on Sucralfate. He is home and doing well now.
Second horse was still going downhill until last night when they started him on the GI meds.

Both horses are now confirmed PHF negative, both horse’s diarrhea panels have come back negative.
Both horses had low protein upon admission, both horses SAA increased steadily upon admission even on the PHF meds.

We have 8 horses total on the property, turnout 24/7-they have sheds, clean water, one horse per acre on planted pasture-alfalfa/grass mix, most do not get grain unless they are in work. Body scores range from low 5 to 8. Both of the horses that ended up in the clinic, I would say could have gained a few pounds and not be considered chonky. Everyone else is verging on chonky or chonky.
All vaccinated, all utd on everything.

The two things of note: Horse B did have a decent amount of sand in his poo when we tested prior to sending him to the clinic. Vet says “Sand doesn’t cause diarrhea”. I did not choose to argue the point with her at the time. The primary caretaker in hindsight did think it possible both horses were a smidge less energetic for a few days before they got sick.

We are checking all of the pastures again for weird weeds.

What are we missing?

Following with interest…

I have heard of sand causing issues. Have they done an ultrasound to look for sand in the gut?

I would put down stall mats and make sure they are fed on mats.

Did they test for salmonella?

Salmonella is in the diarrhea panel. Both horses were negative.

I know, I’m super stumped here

The horses aren’t actually “fed” the ones that eat grain are put into a round pen (on grass) to eat or into a stall for food. Their pasture is definitely not what I’d ever consider over grazed. One paddock does have a sand pit in it that they roll in ect. Other than that, their sand exposure is fairly limited

Do they get Himalayan salt? Someone I know had issues with their horse getting sick from what they think was Himalayan salt. One horse died and the other had major GI issues and dropped a ton of weight. After thousands of dollars in vet bills they never had conclusive proof of anything.

Bacterial pathogens can infect hay, or pasture and I’m not sure current testing can detect everything. Did they test for C. DIFF?

This is definitely interesting! Some thoughts, in no particular order…

Do the horses all share one large field? If so, are the horses who got sick lower in the pecking order? Could they be getting outcompeted/driven away from the primo eating spots and thus seeking out things the other horses might not eat? Any access to shrubs or trees of any sort, or fallen leaves from trees? Any access to stagnant water?

I’m assuming not, but just in case, were the horses who got sick ones receiving any grain?

Sand could also be a suspect, although I haven’t heard of it causing colitis.

The sick horses were all from the same field, the one with the sand “pit”
Honestly, they are 4 acre fields with 4 horses in them, they get rotated into other 4 acre fields to let the fields re-grow if needed, there are not really bare spots except a quarter acre by the sheds and water troughs. Troughs get scrubbed weekly. No standing water in the fields unless there is a super heavy rain, then it is still gone within a day or so. That herd is comprised of one very dominate horse, sick horse B is his BFF, A second fairly dominate horse, who will soon be challenging the other-but not yet The second dominate horse’s BFF is sick horse A. So 4 horses in that field, the sick horse in each pairing is the lower tier horse, BUT… each pairing is like a cranky old couple that may make faces occasionally-but they basically move around the pastures in tandem.

The first sick horse got Tribute Essential K 1 pound a day,
The second sick horse, we were literally discussing that we needed to put him on some hard feed right before he started the diarrhea, probably 15 minutes prior.

Both of the horses were losing condition prior to getting sick. Not significant, just compared to the pasture mates.

How strange! If they were all in the same herd and the same field when the horses got sick, I’d assume it has to be something in the field…but agreed that with four horses that are paired up like that with an acre apiece, it’s unlikely they’re being driven off/forced to eat stuff that’s less palatable.

Jingling for your herd, and that you can find some answers that make sense!

Something tick borne, maybe? Are you in a high tick area?

Testing the well water might be a good box to check.

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Animals like frogs and birds can carry all sorts of bacteria, so it may not be obvious where the contamination is coming from, if it was from an exposure in the environment.

About the well water, don’t you think the humans and other domestic animals would be getting sick too though? The house is run off the same well.

What tickborne illnesses should we consider? None of them have any typical symptoms of Lyme.
The Pastures are well maintained, but we do have a thriving deer population.

There are no trees/shrubs ect.
Each field is quite seriously a 4 acre square with purpose planted pasture, safe fence, two 12x20 sheds, and water troughs. No trees, no shrubs no weird brush anywhere.

No, not necessarily. It might only be a problem for those with a weaker immune system, which could be invisible until something like this happens.

Anaplasmosis can apparently come with diarrhea and definitely comes with fever. Weird presentation, but probably not entirely impossible.

There are also “tick fever” diseases we just don’t know much about.