Omeprazole and bone fractures?

I’ve heard that omeprazole has been linked to an increased risk of bone fractures. Is that just based on human studies, or is it also true for horses? I’ve also heard concerns about its potential impact on calcium absorption.

My vet dropped off a bottle of omeprazole last week at my trainer’s suggestion, but I’ve been hesitant to start it because I hate having to fast him for a few hours each day. I’ve also read studies suggesting that omeprazole may interfere with calcium absorption and potentially weaken bones.

Are there any downsides to giving omeprazole if a horse doesn’t actually have ulcers? My horse wasn’t scoped, but both my trainer and vet suggested trying it based on some symptoms he’s been showing. I’m just not sure if some of those behaviors are simply part of his personality.

He’s at a healthy weight, has a good appetite, and always has a shiny coat. He’s never grouchy—he’s actually very sweet—but he does crib. He only cribs when he’s eating; every few bites or so, he’ll grab onto the wood and suck in air. He also tosses his head sometimes while riding, in his stall, or in the pasture. I’m not sure if that’s just him—he mostly does it when he’s about to be fed, if something spooks him, or when he’s feeling fresh or excited.

He’s also been on and off grouchy about having the girth tightened. Sometimes he kicks underneath himself when I tighten it, and sometimes he doesn’t. That behavior is odd because, during the first year I had him, he was never girthy at all—so it’s definitely a noticeable change.

I’m wondering if it could be a saddle fit issue. I haven’t had the saddle fitter come back out to refit the saddle to him, and that saddle was originally fitted to another horse. I have the saddle fitter scheduled to come out this week to take a look, and while my trainer feels like the saddle fits him pretty well—and I thought so too—it’s still worth checking.

When my vet came out, she checked his ulcer points. He didn’t react to the point near the girth, but he was very reactive at the withers. She said that could also be a sign of saddle discomfort. However, she checked the rest of his back for pressure points and he didn’t react—only at the withers. So she suspects it could be a twofold issue: both ulcers and saddle fit.

My concern is, what if it’s not ulcers? Could giving omeprazole cause more harm than good if there isn’t an underlying issue for it to treat? Or is it one of those situations where it doesn’t hurt to try?

He’s also had a lot of changes over the past couple of months—switching barns and feed. At the previous barn, he wasn’t given any hay, just hay cubes three times a day. So maybe there’s already a higher chance of him developing ulcers from that alone?

So for a lot of your questions: we don’t have data in horses that make these answers black and white. We can make some educated guesses from the data we do have, which might include small studies in horses, or extrapolating from the human data

A course of a proton pump inhibitor is not likely to increase fracture risk in any meaningful way. Chronic, continuous use may.

Yes, there is potential risk treating a horse with a proton pump inhibitor–even if they DO have ulcers. Getting them off this type of drug can be tricky and ulcer recurrence isn’t uncommon. Changing the pH of the stomach can also have knock on effects further down, and may increase the risk of hind gut ulcers developing (or make them worse, if they’re there.)

There are also different types of ulcers, and proton pump inhibitors don’t treat them all well. If the horse has glandular ulcers, misoprostil is usually a better choice (or a combo of meds.)

That said: moving is definitely an ulcer risk. I treat my horses after moves as a matter of course. Horses can have a belly full of ulcers without “typical” symptoms of being off feed.

I certainly can’t tell you if your horse has ulcers here, though. If you’re not sure, or uncomfortable with using omeprazole without a clear indication that it’s appropriate, definitely go ahead and scope the horse. Go look, confirm you’re using the right drug for what you see, and go from there.

Thank you! I think I feel confident enough not scoping, since both my trainer and vet feel it’s the right course of action. Thinking about it more, I’d honestly be surprised if he didn’t have something going on with all the moves and changes he’s had recently. I’ve never had a horse with potential ulcers before, so I guess what I’m wondering now is—does treating potential ulcers outweigh the possible side effects of omeprazole? If that makes sense? Basically, you shouldn’t let ulcers—or even potential ulcers—go untreated, even if the symptoms aren’t alarming?

Also, isn’t there a potential for rebound? My vet only gave me a bottle to use for 30 days, but shouldn’t there be a weaning period for a couple of weeks after that?

And do people usually give omeprazole after a move? I’ve heard some say they’ve had success treating ulcers naturally with things like slippery elm, marshmallow root, and aloe vera, but I’m not sure how well that really works.

I’m also hesitant to give omeprazole because I was told it needs to be given on an empty stomach—but I’m not sure how long that actually is. I’ve seen some people say two hours without food, and others say four hours. I just hate leaving him without hay for that long, and I don’t want to fast him longer than necessary, but I also want to make sure it works properly.

A lot covered in one post. New environment, saddle that may not fit, touchiness, and cribbing, all pretty yellow light for ulcers. Ulcer acupuncture points are total bull and I’d side eye a vet of all people for using them.

I’d scope for ulcers. In short, omeprazole is one path for ulcer treatment. Without a diagnosis it can be the wrong path, an incomplete path, or a path stopped too early not realizing the extent of what needed to be healed.

Fracture risk and fasting would be far less concerning to me than inadequately addressing a potential cause of chronic significant discomfort like ulcers.

Ps my glossy, bordering on fat, never once pinned an ear, never even thought about cribbing, out 24/7 pony had bleeding ulcers. Using coat and weight are very very outdated and inaccurate benchmarks.

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We have OTTB’s in our barn and they get daily omeprazole. They fox hunt and event and we have had no problems. In fact, one we got off the track had two broken bones in the first year and a half we had him. Since then no issues and he hunts once a week during hunt season had been for six years. The other OTTB’s I have hunted and kept on omeprazole never had any bone issues.

I’ve heard about reports like this but have not ever actually seen a real study on it.

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It depends.

Horses without gastric ulcers should not be treated for gastric ulcers.

Horses that have gastric ulcers should be treated for them in some manner, but that can range from doing nothing to using multiple medications together.

There isn’t a “one size fits all” answer here.

We don’t know. Sykes (one of the leading researchers in this field) states there’s no reason to taper. He also finds an 80+% recurrence rate within 3 days with sudden discontinuation.

Sure, some do. Some don’t. Both answers can be correct for those specific horses and situations. Again: no “one size fits all.”

Ask your vet.

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Horses are rarely on omeprazole long-term, like a lot of people are, so even if you’re doing 60 days, this isn’t something I’d worry about. If you ARE, you can always add a source of Ca to the diet for the duration

Yes, omeprazole is better absorbed on an empty stomach, but plenty of horses have been healed, proven by scopes, with owners doing they best they can

If you can withhold all food for 60 minutes, great. Can only do 30? It’s better than nothing. Then no food, ideally, for another 30 minutes to give the omeprazole time to exit the stomach. A great deal of vets have no idea these details, but it’s something you can learn :slight_smile:

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Thank you!

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