In terms of permanence, I suspect it depends how long it goes on for. My mare developed pink corners of her mouth that would crack easily (neither visible from the outside), which never went back to their original pigmentation, but she also showed signs of bitting problems for months/years on and off (note: this developed early in my journey of horse ownership when I suggested to my then-coach that my mare seemed to be objecting to the bit, and I sadly followed the coach’s advice that the bit wasn’t the problem. I now check the inside corners of the mouth carefully myself if I believe there may be a bit issue).
There are products that can reduce the friction, like bit butter, but the real solution is to find a bit that suits your horse’s mouth shape better.