Many years ago, I and a trainer friend visited a big well-established breeding operation in Germany. The place stood a plethora of stallions whose names were household names in those days (well, dressage households, anyway). Several of the stallions were actively competing, some at very big international competitions. We had been invited to watch a training session by the in-house trainer and her trainer who was visiting from a neighboring country. When we arrived, they were both riding, each on a quite well-known FEI stallion.
My friend and I were dismayed to see the EXTREMELY short reins and the horses’ chins being held firmly on their chests. The trainers rode this way for the entire 45-50 minute session. At one point, the visiting trainer made his horse piaffe while he smoked a cigarette - the horse had to piaffe the entire time. The trainer had all four reins and a whip in one hand and used the other hand to hold his cigarette. Every once in a while if the horse faltered or got out of rhythm, the rider would crack the horse with the whip. This guy also made the horse do one-tempis across the diagonal, over and over again. If the horse started rushing or missed a change, the guy would halt it (roughly) and back it up all the way back to the corner of the arena, it’s nose on its chest the entire time.
I had rather admired that in-house trainer for a while, but seeing that training session in person made me lose all respect for her. I later mentioned what I had seen to another party who frequented many training barns in Europe and was told rather matter-of-factly, “That is how it is done everywhere. Training sometimes isn’t pretty.”
It was an eye-opening experience to say the least.