We only use rim pads because they allow the hoof sole to be exposed for a more healthy sole. Nothing like what can build up under the bubble pad with our common mud in winter. It has been rim pads here for years!
Along with the rim pads, winter shoes should have ice studs for grip. This is what the Hunt horses wore who went out twice a week and had no issues on any of our various type of ground over winter. Kept the shiny side up, gave traction for galloping and jumping. Michigan here, never know what we will have in surface! Usually rim pads can be reset a couple times, never do fill with anything that prevents tubing from flexing. Horse DOES need to move actively to add motion for better flinging out any snow build up in the hoof. Barefoot horses tend to move carefully, which does not fling out snowy build up, causes “stilts” of ice in hooves. Then you need to get the hoof ice hammer out to remove that stuff!!
Ice studs are driven into drilled holes when put on shoes. They are minimally longer than drive-in road studs we use in summer, to accommodate the collar that wears down with use, to keep the tungsten carbide stud exposed for grip. They are not “sudden stopping” to make legs sore lIke old-fashioned, long, tall caulks on work horses. Ice studs do grip, not sliding distances before halting the legs. Just more of a micro-slip then stop, which is much easier on hoof and legs. You really can’t SEE the micro-slip, but horse legs appreciate it!! Horse has confidence in his traction, willingly goes forward.