The mystery cough- ideas? Any similar experiences?

TL;DR- sudden onset cough about a month ago. No temp, lungs are clear, steroids didn’t touch it, some improvement on antibiotics but not much. Horse otherwise acting normally.

The long version- While I wait for the vet to schedule a scope appointment, I’d love to hear any possible ideas or experiences that sound similar to what I’m dealing with right now.

My 7yo gelding has a cough. It came on suddenly a month ago. We were doing a conditioning set in the indoor and he started a severe coughing jag. This horse has never coughed in the 3 years I’ve owned him so I quickly cooled him out, got him on the crossties and called the on call vet. He continued to cough - a full body, gaggy sounding cough. His temperature was normal and he was eating, so on call vet recommended keeping an eye on him and having someone put if it continued to be a problem.

I kept him in lighter work thinking maybe it was allergies but his cough got worse so stopped riding him, started him on TriHist on day 9 and the vet came out on day 13 as the TriHist didn’t make any discernible difference. His lungs sounded clear so vet recommended 5 days (with a taper off) of steroids and a 10 day round of SMZs in case it was some sort of infection (still normal temp). When the vet was out 5 days later for barn spring shots, they checked his lungs (still clear) and extended the antibiotics to 14 days given his current condition.

The vet said it was ok to do walk hacks through this as horse does best when in work. The only sort of improvement I saw was on day 18- (6 days after starting antibiotics) he was maybe 50% better. In the days following he seemed to stay at that same level of cough. It was definitely still there but less deep and less frequent; made worse when he’s a heart rate would elevate.

Per the vets instructions, I called after on the last day of the SMZs because his cough was not cured and still a significant problem. The vet came out to do blood work and talk about further options (scoping, lavage etc). Also gave us more antibiotics in case blood work showed an infection. Bloodwork came back clean and now I’m waiting on a scope appointment. Since the blood work on Friday, the horse seems to have declined again and is now coughing in the paddock and on the crossties so I’ve stopped walking him for the time being.

The latest theory (which makes the most sense to me and fits the timeline) is that he inhaled something and it’s stuck somewhere in his upper respiratory system. If nothing is found with this scope they would refer us to Tufts or somewhere for a dynamic scope.

Being a stereotypical adult ammie, I’ve tried to Google and read about the different possibilities but everything I come up with is heaves/RAO/inflammatory lung disease related which doesn’t help because his lungs are clear sounding. So hear I am, writing a novel, in hopes that somebody in here has gone through something similar and might be able to share their experience.

FWIW, horse lives in a field with shelter (so not stalled- the only dust he was regularly exposed to was when we rode in the indoor but that hasn’t been excessively dusty). He has free choice to a round bale but there have been 3 or 4 new bales since this started and neither or his pasture mates have any coughs. He doesn’t have or had any visible injuries on his neck or head indicating he hit it and somehow damaged an internal structure (and this is a horse that gets and shows dings easily so I would expect to see something if he did something like that).

Thought? Advice or soothing words? I just want my boy to feel better :frowning_face:

Even though the lungs sound clear it could still be allergy induced equine asthma/RAO/whatever you want to call it. What steroids were administered? And at what dose? What is his resting respiratory rate?

My gelding started on his asthma journey back in the fall of 2020. Sudden onset coughing undersaddle, on bad days he would cough at rest and would have an elevated respiratory rate. When the snow came he was 90% better. He has spent most of his life living out 24/7, but does have access to a round bale.
Spring of 2021 I took him for intradermal allergy testing. Severely allergic to a couple types of mold, staph bacteria, spiny pigweed, ants, moderately allergic to birch and poplar pollen, as well as some other things. Started allergy shots in June of 2021, and made it the whole year without needing any medication.
Fast forward to now and he’s having respiratory trouble. Hacking cough, some days it’s “wet” with nasal discharge, some days it’s dry. Did a round of uniprim, a tub of sputolysin, and the only thing keeping him comfortable is 10mg/day of dexamethasone. We’ve tried to lower the dose and wean him off but they symptoms come right back.

In a perfect world I would buy a hay steamer, but that isn’t very practical for our situation. I’m hopeful that things dry up soon, as I suspect the mold is the trigger.

Thanks for sharing! The allergy testing could be a future route. The 3 times he’s been examined so far his resting respiratory rate has been normal per the vets. The steroid was dexamethazone and I believe it was 3 days at 5mg and 2 days at 2.5? Literally no change in his cough while he was on it (and I was reallllllllly squinting hard to see a change because I so wanted the dex and SMZs to solve whatever it is :sweat_smile:). The only improvement I noticed was after he was off the dex, day 6 or 7 of the antibiotics.

He is still on the TriHist but that doesn’t seem to be making any difference. We still had snow when it started but I suppose with the melting that’s been happening the past month it could be some kind of allergy thing. I didn’t realize allergies could come on so suddenly and so bad. He’s been in this barn for about a year so I wouldn’t think it’s something new he’s been exposed to.

Agree it could still be heaves or some other respiratory issue. Allergies also a possibility.

If you can, soak or even better steam your hay for a week and see if it makes a difference. That will help you figure out if it’s allergies or dust irritants causing it.

My horse developed heaves/equine asthma/whatever they call it these days this year. It started as a cough. Her lungs always sounded clear, still sound clear. Equine asthma doesn’t start in the lungs but it can do damage to the lungs.

I didn’t get improvement until she was on oral dex for 7 days (5ml of a 4mg solution). She stayed on it for 14 days before tapering off.

ETA: if you want to check for any kind of obstruction the only way to really do that is have your vet do a BAL

@Jealoushe- if the scope doesn’t show anything I’ll try to figure out a way to make soaking his hay manageable. I board and there are a few factors that would make soaking his hay a very large inconvenience for the barn manager so I’m trying not to go that route if I don’t have to. If he was at home I would totally try that now.

@blob99 - what’s a BAL? I’m not sure what it stands for.

BAL stands for bronchoalveolar lavage. It’s a procedure a vet can examine the health of the respiratory system.

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Do the static scope and a BAL. Since he’s coughing on the cross ties, you may not need a dynamic scope. You can be dealing with various things like asthma and have the lungs not sound crackly.

I would suggest a scope and BAL.

My mare started with a bad cough one summer. The hay I was feeding got rained on and was moldy. I think that is what triggered it. The first vet assumed heaves after a 5 minute exam. We started prednisolone but it didn’t work. The second vet did a much more thorough exam- thought that it seemed like inflammatory airways. Started her on dexamethasone and the cough disappeared never to return again.

The first vet wanted to jump immediately to scoping her and doing a BAL. That vet was very expensive and I was a bit sticker shocked when he handed me the bill after a 5 minute exam. I simply didn’t feel like heaves would suddenly appear like turning on a light switch.

My gelding also developed a cough. The neighbor had burned some yard waste and the smoke severely irritated his airways. Again a course of dexamethasone fixed him right up.

Thank you to everyone who has replied! BAL was another option I was given so I’ll definitely look into that.

@IPEsq and/or @4horses - can a BAL be done at the same time as a static scope? I’m thinking so because the horse would already be sedated and it would save an additional trip from the vets

I’ll keep my mind more open to the heaves/asthma possibility though I’ll admit, I really want it to be an acute issue and not the beginning of something chronic. That’s horses though ……

Thanks again!

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Hay nets to soak can help make things a bit easier, it is definitely not easy on a board situation. Is she in a stall at all? If so I would make sure all the windows surrounding are open. Use straw over shavings if you can, which I know is also hard as a boarder.

I would be careful with straw for a horse that’s coughing. Untreated straw can harbour just as many airborne particles (dust, mold, etc) as shavings. Straw also isn’t as absorbent so if you’re at a barn that doesn’t always use enough bedding, or your horse is extra messy, they may just end up standing in more ammonia. Large flake shavings, flax, hemp, shredded paper would be a better alternative.

He’s never in a stall. He is in turnout 24/7 so no bedding to deal with. The barn is set up with group turnout (2-4 horses/field depending on herd dynamics and field size) with a round bale in each field with the exception of the fat-mare-field (no round bale in this field because mares are on strict diets- they get hay sections from square bales twice/day).

There are a couple of smaller paddocks which would make getting him into an individual turnout possible but another boarder’s horse is occupying one of them because he has a wicked case of separation anxiety when in group turnout. If I were to put him up there, her horse would go back to being a nutball when she tries to work with him. He can’t go in the field with the fat mares because he would harass them so there is no great way of getting him soaked hay without disruption to the rest of the farm :confused:

If it does end up being heaves/asthma I think we would likely move him home so we could manage soaking his hay and such. He is at the current barn because I hoped to continue our foray into eventing this summer and keeping him at home was not compatible with competing (logistics issues with getting lessons, jumping, trailering etc).

You ideally don’t sedate for a static scope. But yes you can do the BAL in the same visit.

Thanks! I had just assumed sedation for a scope but thinking it through I can see why no sedation would be better. He’s a pretty tolerant guy so he could probably do the scope without sedation.

Yes the round bales can also make it worse I have found unfortunately, its not the easiest thing to manage with horses all having different needs right . Hopefully you can get concrete answers soon!

This. My mare’s heaving episodes always start with a light cough.

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A boarder’s horse, when I had a farm, developed a persistent cough that we just could not get to go away. Soaked his feed, hay, changed his bedding, allergy meds, etc etc. He was retired and not ridden, lived out 24/7 except ~30 minutes AM and PM to come in and eat grain. He’d get better, then worse, then better, then worse.
She finally had a vet scope after about six months, and it was a flap thingy in his throat that had “flipped” to where it wasn’t supposed to be. I can’t remember for the life of me what it’s called. He had to have surgery to cut it out to remove it. The vet said it’s something they see a few times a year with racehorses but otherwise is uncommon.

His epliglottis was entrapped, it sounds like.

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That’s so interesting! I’ll read some on epiglottis entrapment. Did the horse fully recover and go back to work?

It’s so frustrating because this horse loves to work and wants to work. We were making such great progress and then this cough happened…UGH! And, to add insult to injury, he had pulled a shoe when I took him out to groom tonight and I couldn’t find the shoe :woman_facepalming:

Thank you everybody for the input- it’s been very helpful! I’ll definitely update when I have more answers!