Vet-stumping mystery lameness

May of last year, my then-12 year old TB bowed his left front. He’d had healing bows on both fronts from training to race when I got him as a 3 year old. Bowed them at 2 and was tossed out in a field for a year. Bows healed up uneventfully, never gave him any trouble until last year. Bow was a 75% lesion and was rehabbed properly. He was completely sound at his last rehab ride until the next day when he apparently got kicked in the right shoulder/fell so hard that he was absolutely, completely, dead lame in what pretty clearly seemed to be the right shoulder.

Vet watched him go, didn’t see anything. She kept focusing on his right hind, but even vets have their limitations and in an animal with so many working parts, it’s a hilarious puzzle to try and pinpoint the source of lameness.

He had a full set of x-rays done on all four legs a few years ago. Early arthritic changes in just about every joint, and has been religiously on Adequan since he was four or so. He’s badly put together, heavy body, thin legs, upright pasterns and flat front feet. He’s a beautiful mover, however, and hasn’t had a soundness issue despite his conformation in 10 years, until the bow, and now this mystery.

Vet looked at him again, couldn’t see anything. Not thrilled with her analysis, particularly as she sort of shrugged off the bow and put my horse in the grave. He can do light work but no more jumping and she imagined it as a management issue rather than planning for recovery. The bow recovered splendidly and while he will no longer be jumping, I’m hoping he’ll at least be able to stay fit and be trail sound.

So, after being dead lame on the RF, he got some time off. Hand walking, limited turnout, cold laser, massage (I do the last two myself so that part is easy). The lameness was intermittent, and then persistent. I almost suspected Sweeney Shoulder as the horse he’d been out with had also, during this time, kicked open my horse’s right front cannon, requiring staples… but the lameness occurred before this, and he was not supposed to go out with this horse, ever again.

Now, it’s been months, and while he is improving (tiny, tiny increments), the fact that he is still off at all is a problem. There’s no obvious atrophy of the RF shoulder, though the spine of the scapula could be said to be more visible than the left, so SS is still a possibility. His trot improves after cantering once or twice around.

Turns to the right are hard, if not impossible, and should not be requested. Head bobbing at the trot on impact of RF. Seeming almost sound at the canter and walk isn’t really helpful as there is a reason the trot is the diagnostic gait.

I’m considering low ringbone as a possibility and am basically treating him as though he has both SS and low ringbone, and though I have been trying to keep him in light work so he’s not super crazy out in the field during his 3 hours of turnout, it seems cruel, at this point.

I’m moving him soon to a place that is 24-7 turnout with nice trails in anticipation of his retirement. I’m hoping that moving more helps him with the issue, regardless of its source. When we get there, I will ask their vet to evaluate, or have a specialist consult.

Stall rest is not really an option. He did that, and lots of it, and he gets a very inflamed airway, stocks up, and has to wear a roll bar because he casts himself if he’s in a stall beyond three days. I’m trying to balance his overall well-being with his ongoing comfort and, if possible, soundness. I’d basically like to be able to take him out on trails and have fun with him if he is comfortable doing that, but I won’t put him through the wringer just to get him sound for my own benefit–only to make sure he’s as comfortable as he can be and rule out anything major that I can fix. If I can fix it, for him, I will.

I guess my questions are these:

  1. If it was a shoulder fracture, we would definitely have known, correct? Horses with shoulder fractures, regardless of how minor they are, have heat, swelling and lameness even at the walk, right? He has no reactivity whatsoever to manipulation of his shoulder, and the only horse I’ve seen with a fractured shoulder was very, very obvious and had to be euthanized. He would have been getting worse over time not better, I would assume…

  2. Bursitis–can shoulder bursitis cause these issues without reactivity in the shoulder?

  3. If it is low ringbone–has anyone used only cold laser and Adequan to treat, and how did that go? Has anyone used Ultrasound therapy? (There is some chance his Adequan has not been administered in a few months as the management is supposed to do it and has been slacking on many fronts).

  4. Any anecdotal stories of other ailments that caused a head-bobbing lameness that seemed to originate in the shoulder and persisted for months with improvement, however slight?

  5. Anyone have experience with 24-7 turnout improving something like this?

I know that seeing a different vet is the next step, and we will do that, but he won’t be moving until next month and I’ll be treating him with intensive cold laser and massage from the sole to the poll. What I really want is what the internet is best at, anecdotal stories that may shed some light on what could possibly continue to be a difficult thing to diagnose, particularly because things are going to show up on his x-rays, we already know that, but they may not be the source of his pain. He’s had like three lameness exams in the last year with no results. I’m frustrated. Money is also an object… but it will be a little less so once we move since we are moving from a fancy show barn to a wonderful, but low-key place.

The only experience I have in this is regarding #5. Yes, I have seen 24/7 turnout do wonders for several supposed career-ending injuries. Three horses: #1, eventer, OTTB, undiagnosable fetlock issue with heat and swelling. Exploratory surgery performed as well—no result. Turned out to be retired. Two years later, completely sound, raring to go, went back to eventing for another 5 years.

#2 Stifle injury, jumper, OTTB, acute onset while riding, unsure of actual injury without MRI. Turned out 2 years, came sound. Was trail ridden for another two years after that before actual retirement due to other issues and age.

#3 Repeated suspensory injuries, both fronts. Warmblood, equitation horse. Repeatedly semi-retired, then brought back into show ring. Finally no longer able to jump, retired unsound. 2 years—handwalk, then ride for 12-15 minutes at the walk for first year. Second year, began trotting. Now trail rides regularly for up to an hour (including some hills), 3 times a week. Has trouble with downhill, but uphill is fine, and flat is fine. Does w/t and occasional canter. Occasional banamine after a slightly longer ride, but not on any NSAIDs, just oral joint sups.

No, you cannot always see a fracture in a shoulder. Because of the way a horse is built, you cannot get both horizontal and vertical views – even the best x-rays are looking at the shoulder from one dimension.

I am certainly no vet, but if the horse is lame in the right front, I would be looking at the left rear, not the right rear. A horse walks in lateral movement so the lateral hind leg is the one more likely to relate to the other front leg.

Where are the bows? High? Low? Middle? The site of each bow matters.

Those are questions I would want to know the answers to before I retired the horse. And it seems to be that you need a second opinion. Are you near a major vet clinic?

Have all three lameness exams been with the same vet? I think you definitely need to take him to a vet that specializes in diagnostics. It’s very hard to accurately xray shoulders in the field, as Lord Helpus said-- there’s so much muscle in this area that it’s hard to get a good picture.

It’s not just a watching game to diagnose a horse-- you can also do nerve blocks, starting with the foot, and move up the leg until you identify the problem area.

For a 13 year old horse, I would definitely give it a try.

Clarifications and Exclusions

[QUOTE=Lord Helpus;8625127]
No, you cannot always see a fracture in a shoulder. Because of the way a horse is built, you cannot get both horizontal and vertical views – even the best x-rays are looking at the shoulder from one dimension.[/QUOTE]

True–I was definitely aware of this and that’s why I didn’t have the shoulder x-rayed at the onset of the injury. I mean, logic-wise, if it had been a fracture, there would have been different visible signs with the horse. I fractured my pelvis in two places in a fall, and even that only took a few months to really heal. Since they were stable fractures, I didn’t have to restrict my activity except by what hurt. I just feel like if he had a fracture, the initial symptoms would have been different and the progression would be different. But I don’t know, so I’m hoping others have experience with that.

His right side has always given him trouble and the right hind took more of a brunt supporting the failing left front bow, but the left hind doesn’t bother him. We have video of him going from yesterday and even when you’re up you can feel the drop in the right front, but it doesn’t feel like it involves the hind end. He’s had stifle issues over the years managed by injection, cold laser and supportive exercise.

Recent bow was high. Original bows were almost healed when I got him and we don’t have the info, but I believe also high. Both times, the leg returned to normal shape and size with no thickening or scarring of the fibers. This time his healing process was supported actively, so I would expect a better result than what he got being tossed out in a field, as far as fiber integrity and alignment. We are a year out from original injury now and the bow is almost completely gone. We use magnetic boots on a regular basis and they actually seem to help more than the cold laser.

He’s not truly retired, but he is retired from being a Hunter/Jumper. No matter what, no more jumping except for fun over little things once in a while if he ever gets sound again.

To reply to Highflyer:

Yes, all three lameness exams were with the same vet. That vet is with a major practice in our area (I’m in SEPA). Part of the reason I don’t want to start doing blocking and progressive analysis with her. I think she is a good vet, but I don’t think she always sees what we are looking for precisely because he does have so many issues accumulated and she knows his history.

Because he’s moving so soon and will get the benefit of increased turnout, I really am treating that as part of a multi-pronged approach to care. I am fairly close to New Bolton, and it may be that a visit there is in his future. He’d previously been there as a youngster to have prolapsed sub-orbital fat removed from both eyes on different occasions. Yes. My horse had cosmetic surgery. (Not really–the fat actually pushed his eyeballs up and irritated them so that they were always tearing, so it was definitely worth doing).

The other end of the issue is that I don’t have a thousand bucks to throw at the issue right now. So NB and advanced diagnostics would happen in a month or two, if the issue isn’t starting to improve with the methods already in place. I have most of the therapies a vet would recommend already in action, with the exception of more turnout.

From a practical standpoint, there is at least no surgery or other invasive treatment that would help him, and I don’t know if I’d do that to him, if there was.

I guess I’m hoping that it seems reasonable to assume I’m not missing a major fracture because the vet never suspected one, and he was never non-weight bearing/swollen/hot in the shoulder. Ringbone is a very real possibility with his conformation.

One more side note: he had a persistent, persistent muscle twitch that lasted for MONTHS in the RF shoulder, right in the deltoid muscle–just perfectly isolated to that muscle… and that muscle is over the supraspinatus nerve and infraspinatus muscle. This twitch (constant, low-level spasm–visible with the naked eye) appeared before any lameness. I added E and Selenium to his magnesium supplement, lasered it, massaged it, epsom salted it, and as of last month, the twitch is finally gone. That localized twitch is part of the reason I suspected SS in the first place. Not sure if that sheds any more light on what might be going on. When the twitch came up, I couldn’t find any good resources on anyone who had experienced something similar, but it’s usually associated with pain in the area.

This is a horse with a thousand issues, but I spend my days trying to address them all. I will definitely do everything in my power to figure out what is going on with him and get him comfortable and as functional as possible. His other issues tend to deteriorate without some level of fitness (stifles, etc) so keeping him fit hopefully remains part of the equation. I’ve found that exercise tends to improve many conditions and as a massage therapist have worked on horses when they are in and out of training, and they are, without fail, much more sore when they aren’t fit.

[QUOTE=omgtb;8625251]

One more side note: he had a persistent, persistent muscle twitch that lasted for MONTHS in the RF shoulder, right in the deltoid muscle–just perfectly isolated to that muscle… and that muscle is over the supraspinatus nerve and infraspinatus muscle. This twitch (constant, low-level spasm–visible with the naked eye) appeared before any lameness. I added E and Selenium to his magnesium supplement, lasered it, massaged it, epsom salted it, and as of last month, the twitch is finally gone. That localized twitch is part of the reason I suspected SS in the first place. Not sure if that sheds any more light on what might be going on. When the twitch came up, I couldn’t find any good resources on anyone who had experienced something similar, but it’s usually associated with pain in the area.

This is a horse with a thousand issues, but I spend my days trying to address them all. I will definitely do everything in my power to figure out what is going on with him and get him comfortable and as functional as possible. His other issues tend to deteriorate without some level of fitness (stifles, etc) so keeping him fit hopefully remains part of the equation. I’ve found that exercise tends to improve many conditions and as a massage therapist have worked on horses when they are in and out of training, and they are, without fail, much more sore when they aren’t fit.[/QUOTE]

Look at his neck.

MY first take would be a second opinion. I have seen shoulder bruising that took some 6 months to heal, I cracked my hip on a tree that wouldn’t get outta the way when I galloped by :no: , and that took some 9 mo.

But ringbone and tendon issues can be eliminated simply by doing nerve blocks, which is basic diagnostics. Your vet needs to hang her head in shame,

We had a horse get kicked in the shoulder (we assume) recently. She was dead lame. Did X-rays of her neck and shoulder and couldn’t see anything. Stuck her on stall rest for a month and gave her Previcox 2x a day for 2 weeks, and then 1 pill a day for the rest of her life now. She also got the Platnium Performance Osteon 2x a day for a month. She walked for 2 weeks and then returned to normal work and was sound. Vet says it was just a bad bruise on her shoulder.

You could always go the bone scan route? Would probably save you a lot of money in the long run.

[QUOTE=IPEsq;8625513]
Look at his neck.[/QUOTE]

I was going to have a chiro come out, but then he got his leg kicked open and needed staples, so we had to reschedule. Now she’s tied up with the EHV stuff happening at the racetrack, but I will definitely set up an eval with her once he moves. If it was Sweeney Shoulder and the supraspinatus nerve is impinged it could cause that kind of a twitch too.

Any particular things you’ve seen that lead you to suspect neck based on a shoulder twitch?

If there are nerve symptoms but you aren’t getting exactly SS signs, then the neck makes sense, as problems there can affect the nerve roots to the shoulder. Neck problems can also manifest as mystery lameness. I would X-ray before doing anything chiropractic in the neck, although a chiro vet could assess range of motion. My vet says it’s hardly ever the shoulder (though if you are sure the horse was kicked, it could be shoulder in your case).

[QUOTE=omgtb;8626405]
I was going to have a chiro come out, but then he got his leg kicked open and needed staples, so we had to reschedule. Now she’s tied up with the EHV stuff happening at the racetrack, but I will definitely set up an eval with her once he moves. If it was Sweeney Shoulder and the supraspinatus nerve is impinged it could cause that kind of a twitch too.

Any particular things you’ve seen that lead you to suspect neck based on a shoulder twitch?[/QUOTE]
I’ve reached the point where I consider the neck a candidate in many lamenesses, especially of the mystery, migrating sort.

Friends horse actually broke his neck in a pasture accident and it was only diagnosed by xray, he had no obvious swelling etc. He was dead lame on one front leg and had a head tilt, which kind of led to an immediate xray, because the vet suspected a skull fracture initally, then when he didn’t find one started working down the neck. He actually came sound enough to be a pasture pet for quite a long time. She even rode him a bit but he was badly behaved without regular work so she stopped

A friend owned a horse with similar conformation to what you describe in your original post that presented w a mystery front end lameness that went undiagnosed for years. She had several different opinions from several vets in the area. The potential diagnoses included neck and shoulder issues. Various foot structure complications. Etc

Finally one vet found a very very high suspensory lesion. He rested and came back to full work.

Years later there was a second diagnosis in the same front leg behind/in his knee of some kind of congenital soft tissue malformation.

Another horse presented w what suggested possible shoulder and neck involvement in a front end discomfort (RF). I say discomfort because he was never lame or diagnosed as such by any vet. He just looked uneven and uncomfortable at times but would never block to a lower limb or any specific problem.

Years later a chiropractic vet diagnosed issues w his left stifle. With better his stifle is management, the front end discomfort has disappeared.

She was the fourth vet on that horse.

Second opinions are invaluable. Horses can be very complex. Certain vets have certain specialties that they may not even be aware of; it is just an area of expertise or certain diagnostic area in which they excel. I have a vet I use regularly to maintain my performance horse. This is not the same vet I used for my pre purchase. I have another vet I use for exceptionally complicated lameness cases.

A trip to New Bolton would be worth it.

You say you had a series of leg X rays done " several years ago"? How long ago was that? And none since?

Horses live an average of about 25 years, “several years” is at least 10% of total life span. He’s aged much more rapidly then we would in that same time period and it would make sense to start there, especially if you are thinking ringbone and similar.

Often see owners wasting more money by guessing, waiting, trying alternative therapies on what’s not wrong then they would spend finding out what is wrong ASAP. Often the horse pays an even steeper price.

Far as this vet? Don’t know exactly what she said or you heard. Don’t know if she is influenced by your budget, your instructions on what you do or do not want looked at, what diagnostics you will authorize and pay for and your willingness/ability to fund treatment.

Not saying it’s the case here but sometimes owners limit what vets can do then vets get blamed for not doing it. Bringing in another vet and putting the same limitations on them will get the same result.

Wow…thank you all. I definitely agree that another opinion is necessary, and will be obtained. I don’t really think that a broken neck is a possibility at all (I say this more to calm the panicky part of me that wonders if I’ve been letting my horse go around with a broken neck for months), mostly because he has no other neuro symptoms except that muscle twitch which pre-dated the actual lameness with zero symptoms. He bends and flexes fine. I’ve given him several massages with no noted sensitivity anywhere but in the back and hips. He eats out of a rubber feed bucket on the ground (because he constantly sits on and breaks his plastic feed buckets). He really likes the cold laser treatment over his shoulder and RF. He certainly does have stifle issues, and hock issues (injected last year)–he has always sat on his buckets/windowsill/etc to keep weight off of his hind end when forced to stand in a stall. Or because he wants a giant chair.

The fact that he improves after he warms up a bit does make me think it’s joint-related–I don’t think you can work out of a neck injury, but I’ll definitely add that into the list of items to consider.

Right now, I’m cold lasering all joints and hooves on a high-frequency basis. I think the increased turnout he will get at the new place will answer a lot of questions about whether it is arthritis-based. He’s been on an oral joint supplement and Adequan forever, which makes me wonder both about the efficacy of these supportive therapies and whether it could even be joint-based. High suspensory crossed my mind for the LF (they actually had trouble diagnosing that bow at first–until it absolutely blew up… sigh) and he had US imaging done for that one, but not the RF yet.

He is normal in every way, except working under saddle, but it is becoming increasingly hard to isolate orthopedic concerns as he spends so much time inside right now. He’s had wind puffs behind since I got him, and lately, the tendon sheath on the right hind has started to fill to about midway up if he spends too much time in without being wrapped behind. I would be fascinated to see what they think at NB because trying to pick out the one issue that is bothering him right now is like playing the game “Operation.”

There have been days where he has seemed more sound than others. I put him in his magnetic boots whenever I can–which should help if it’s a soft tissue injury in the lower forelimb.

If it was any of these things, except for a broken neck or bursitis, then the light work (read: trotting for ten minutes, cantering once around for the sake of video) would be part of the rehab and should theoretically help, but I am giving him this week off and just doing supportive therapy, to see if that helps.

I’ll see if I can post a link to a video. IMO, it’s animal cruelty to ride him in this state, but I wanted to document what we were getting.

Adequan does not now and has never prevented joint deterioration and arthritic changes due to age and use, it addresses discomfort and inflammation caused by them. Same with HA and similar injectables and some of the oral supps to a lesser degree. They treat the symptoms.

There is nothing that prevents age and use related osteoarthritis from developing in horses or even in people Even pasture puffs that never worked a day can develop it over time.

If you are using Adequan or any other product to ease the discomfort and inflammation caused by these things, it’s a long standing, popular and effective choice. If you use it to prevent age and use caused arthritic changes and joint deterioration from occurring? Likely a waste of money. Sorry, not trying to be mean but it’s just a treatment, not a cure or preventative.

[QUOTE=findeight;8626672]
You say you had a series of leg X rays done " several years ago"? How long ago was that? And none since?

Horses live an average of about 25 years, “several years” is at least 10% of total life span. He’s aged much more rapidly then we would in that same time period and it would make sense to start there, especially if you are thinking ringbone and similar.

Often see owners wasting more money by guessing, waiting, trying alternative therapies on what’s not wrong then they would spend finding out what is wrong ASAP. Often the horse pays an even steeper price.

Far as this vet? Don’t know exactly what she said or you heard. Don’t know if she is influenced by your budget, your instructions on what you do or do not want looked at, what diagnostics you will authorize and pay for and your willingness/ability to fund treatment.

Not saying it’s the case here but sometimes owners limit what vets can do then vets get blamed for not doing it. Bringing in another vet and putting the same limitations on them will get the same result.[/QUOTE]

Well, yeah, I am limited by money in the sense of I don’t have an unlimited supply and have to pace my major vet expenses, but more limited by the fact that we had to wait for his stapled-shut leg to heal before doing further diagnostics and that I don’t want the same vet doing the additional diagnostics, both because I am moving my horse in a few weeks and they (more than one person from the office) have historically missed some pretty major diagnoses that would have been detrimental to my horse if I hadn’t insisted on further workups. I am not blaming the vet at all–it’s a tough job, and they rely on the owner to know their animal as much as they rely on diagnostic imaging, but I do think a second opinion would be good. I never turned down any treatment or diagnostics. The full set of x-rays for all four legs isn’t necessary in this case as I’m not trying to determine his future under saddle, but trying to locate one particular problem that is bothering him now, so yes, I would like to limit the diagnostics to some logical progression of starting with the most likely suspect and moving from there, rather than imaging everything and of course finding issues because we already know they were there 1.5 years ago. If you do x-rays on any given person or horse, you’ll find evidence of arthritic changes, but that doesn’t necessarily mean those are causing problems.

The number of issues I know my horse does have is precisely why I don’t want to get an image of everything. He was sound for ten years with arthritis and healed bows, but he’s not sound now, which means he is in pain, and I want to find what is causing that pain and address it. That’s my main concern and why I am trying to narrow down possible causes as we move forward with vet care. I spare no expense, but I also would like to avoid unnecessary expense. I do understand what you’re saying, but definitely not the case here–in fact, I paid three separate times for vets to look at the bowed tendon before the correct diagnosis was finally made with me standing there at the ultrasound machine. This isn’t a personal reflection on the vets or the practice but I just think some fresh eyes might not hurt. I’ve been through this with my three dogs as well–I have one that had a dorsal laminectomy for a spinal issue and both ACLs repaired. When she’s sore in her hind end, what do we look at? It could be any of those things, so we treat all of them. But that’s 50% of an animal that worse case only needs two of her legs to get around and be happy (she has all four and uses them all, I just mean she could technically survive with only two and a wheelchair or something)–a horse always needs all four, and when they all have some level of problems, you kind of have to pick the most pressing one first. I’m trying to fill the time in which I have to wait with something productive, because the vet watched him go maybe a month ago, when the RF wasn’t as obvious but was still visible, and she couldn’t see it. The video I’ll post, you can’t miss it, now. I may have his current vet watch him go one more time before he leaves, just to see if she can pinpoint something to x-ray. As others have said, though–if it’s the shoulder, it’s next to impossible to get a good image there, which is another part of the reason I’m trying to get anecdotal evidence and looking around for ways I can help him without definitive imaging. We might x-ray the hoof and find ring bone, but that might not be what is causing it, and we are already treating him as though he has it. I’ll also have his saddle fit checked, etc. Just don’t want to go crazy throwing all options at him.

with the muscle twitching, I suspect you are going to find your issue up in the spine within the withers immediate either side.

need spinal study , I dont think the lameness is from below

Try a bone scan. It doesn’t give a “clear imagine” of everything but will help pinpoint maybe the area where it’s coming from. A friend of mine spent double the cost of a bone scan cost trying to figure out what was going on, and ended up having to get one. The horses splint bone was the issue. Had it removed and haven’t had an issue since.

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I haven’t been able to read all the replies, but I have a #4. My horse tried to jump the fence, didn’t make it, slammed down hard on the shoulder. Months later was still NQR. Turns out that at some point (probably the same incident) she fractured her coffin bone, but we never thought to look for it because of the obvious shoulder soreness.