We test twice a year. Winter and summer so we know how much vit e they are getting or not from the grass.
Normal range is 2-10 for our tests. Most regional to NJ are coming in around 2 without supplementation, with a few that randomly are around 8.
The low horses are all on 5,000 to 10,000 IU daily. Can take a year or two to start those numbers getting into mid range.
Most of ours are in moderate to heavy workload (dressage) so we like their numbers to be slightly on the higher end of the normal range usually around 8.
Symptoms I have seen: lethargy, Spooky, Muscle soreness/tightness, muscle wastage, onset of early Neuro symptoms (like excessive tripping/ lack of coordination).
To find a product that worked we took the horse with one of the worst numbers and very slow rise and starting testing him every 6 weeks for almost a year. Every six weeks we switched out the type of vit e and his numbers either went up or down. The one he went up with the most is the one we use unless a horse is testing with low numbers. In which case we assume an absorption issue and find another product.
Editing to add that the limiting amino acids lysine, methionine and threonine need to be present in the diet or they will inhibit the level of absorption.