Interesting discussion. Clearly horses vary on their willingness to partner w/ their human.
I don’t consider my following description of a beloved horse to be disobediences nor did I punish him for it - he was just super smart and quite the character. I think they are smarter than many give them credit for.
He could easily be lead into a stall by an experienced handler. Newby - NOPE - slam on the brakes and throw his head in the air. If the person would even start to move towards swinging the rope at him, he’d back up and that was it. They’d stand there hopelessly pulling on a backing horse and I swear he was laughing.
If he found an object scary, he’d stop. If you’d press him, you could be sure there would be no way in hell you’d get him near the object. Drop the reins, and let him work on it - he’d walk on over and put his nose on it. He was very clear in the way he was that he thought humans were largely stupid and he’d determine if he thought something was scary or worth doing. I wouldn’t call it disobedient; he just thought he knew better.
He was very smart. When he and my mare had a paddock next to cows, he literally would move the flakes of hay to the fence next to the cows. He’d then have the hay to himself, because she was scared of cows and wouldn’t go near.
For what it’s worth he was a good eventer and a good dressage horse.