Repro Gurus?? Breeding Advice...Mare with IIB Biopsy Score....WWYD??

So, I have an 11 yr old maiden mare. I got her this last fall from a friend who hasn’t had any success with her and she thought that I should give it a go. She was bred the last three years (fresh cooled) and caught right away , first try every time. She lost all of the pregnancies, one at 30 days, 45 days and then at 10 months. The previous owner did not have access to a good vet so wasn’t able to do a biopsy ect. I did one when I got her, as well as a cytology and a culture. Cytology was normal, Biopsy score IIB due to endometriitis. Culture showed some bacterial growth but not much, vet thought maybe from contamination. Vet thought we should flush her with an antibiotic anyways, which we did. This was about four months ago.

I go back and forth between just breeding her (and doing everything I can to help her conceive and carry) or just doing an ET. I am thinking obviously flushing post insemination and following the oxytocin protocol as well as a caslix. Is there anything else I can do? My vet thinks she should be on antibiotics and regumate the whole pregnancy but honestly that seems a bit extreme to me. Wwyd if this were your mare? I guess I am hoping that with a bit more management she will be able to carry to term?

I was planning on breeding her via frozen (deep horn) with a smaller than normal dose of frozen to try and prevent post breeding inflammation though obviously catching doesn’t really seem to be the problem. Or should I stick to fresh?

Hard to make a decision here, any thoughts would be greatly appreciated. Kathy, would love your opinion!!

Also, does she sound like she could benefit from a DMSO lavage??

I had a mare (have the mare still actually). She foaled out a colt in 2003. Normal delivery/pregnancy. I tried once in 2003 to get her back in foal. No success. Tried several times in 2004 with no success. Tried again several times in 2005 no success. Tried once or twice in 2006 no success. Had a biopsy and she was a IIB. I was told by 4 vets that she was done, and her IIB was on the higher scale and was almost worse. I was told she would never get preg again and to not bother. Last ditch effort, did a DMSO lavage, inseminated next heat cycle, and did oxytocin. She was preg (with my Emma who is now herself preg! :slight_smile: ). One insemination. On 30 day foal heat bred her with one dose and she was preg for 2008. Had 2009 off. Bred one dose for a 2010 filly. Had 2011 off. Bred her (on a whim since she was in season and I was breeding one of my other mares and had an extra dose of my stallion’s semen on hand - no scans to see where she was in her cycle, nothing, just put it in her AND she was 21 years old) for a 2012 colt, one dose. This is obviously a very “loose” accounting - we did tests along the way, tried various lavages, etc. The biopsy was the first we did, but we did cultures along the way, but they were inconclusive. I credit the DMSO lavage with her getting in foal. :slight_smile: That being said, talk to your vet first and foremost!

For me, personally, I would have her re-cultured right before you plan on breeding her, to make sure she truly isn’t infected. Then I would use fresh-cooled; I wouldn’t go right to frozen semen on this type of mare. Then follow up with the oxytocin and see what happens. If it doesn’t work out then I would try the DMSO lavage. The only reason I would try one, well-managed cycle with fresh-cooled before going straight to the DMSO lavage is that there is always a small risk of causing more inflammation with the DMSO lavage and if you don’t need it then you shouldn’t risk it. That being said, I’ve seen several mares do great with a DMSO treatment, but I always use it as a last resort. Mares who conceive but then lose the pregnancy are very difficult and sometimes ET is the only resort. I WOULD not go to Regumate or antibiotics without a very, very good reason. And I can’t think of a single good reason to use systemic antibiotics for the duration of a pregnancy in a case like this.

[QUOTE=Hillside H Ranch;6910763]
For me, personally, I would have her re-cultured right before you plan on breeding her, to make sure she truly isn’t infected. Then I would use fresh-cooled; I wouldn’t go right to frozen semen on this type of mare. Then follow up with the oxytocin and see what happens. If it doesn’t work out then I would try the DMSO lavage. The only reason I would try one, well-managed cycle with fresh-cooled before going straight to the DMSO lavage is that there is always a small risk of causing more inflammation with the DMSO lavage and if you don’t need it then you shouldn’t risk it. That being said, I’ve seen several mares do great with a DMSO treatment, but I always use it as a last resort. Mares who conceive but then lose the pregnancy are very difficult and sometimes ET is the only resort. I WOULD not go to Regumate or antibiotics without a very, very good reason. And I can’t think of a single good reason to use systemic antibiotics for the duration of a pregnancy in a case like this.[/QUOTE]

This.

I am in the midst of breeding a very similar mare (gets pregnant, loses pregnancy before 60 days). We just did three days of 5% DMSO in a 60cc infusion, three days in a row. Negative culture. All else looks great and one shot of oxytocin about 8hrs post-infusion shows no fluid retained the next day. We will be breeding with fresh on the next cycle.

I’ve been doing lots of reading about biofilm and work done by Michelle LeBlanc (now at Rood and Riddle) on endometritis. Very interesting stuff! (Google is your friend.)

From this source: http://www.sefarm.com/breeding-info/432-dirty-mares
"It has been proposed that endometrial biofilms that appear to be nonresponsive to conventional treatment are responsible for chronic endometritis. A bacterial biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate, such as the uterine lining. The biofilms’ complex structure greatly increases the resistance to antibiotic therapy. The presence of biofilms has been described in the mouth and in the bladder of people and has recently been suggested to occur in the uterus of the horse. This still needs to be documented, however. Researchers in Denmark have offered an alternative explanation for persistent bacterial endometritis. These veterinarians suggest that bacteria can persist in the endometrial glands and the uterine wall in a dormant state, which would increase their resistance to antibiotic therapy.To overcome some of the obstacles for effective antibiotics therapy in the uterus, supplemental treatments have been suggested:

  • A 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and acetylcysteine in a 20% solution have been added to uterine lavage fluids in mares with suspected biofilms in the uterus to break down mucus or clear biofilms.
  • Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, a chelating agent)-tris has been shown to be effective in decreasing the viability of [I]P. aeruginosa[/I] from horses.
  • Veterinarians have infused a variety of other solutions to treat infectious endometritis such as iodine, chlorhexidine, hypertonic saline, kerosene, and hydrogen peroxide. Many of these are strong irritants and can damage the endometrium. Therefore, veterinarians should use these treatments with caution.
  • Treatment with immunostimulatory agents has been reported to improve pregnancy rates in mares with persistent endometritis, but the mechanism is not fully understood."

Has anyone tried Bactivate?
http://horsetalk.co.nz/2013/03/17/treatment-breakthrough-for-infertile-mares/

[QUOTE=RunningwaterWBs;6910810]
I’ve been doing lots of reading about biofilm and work done by Michelle LeBlanc (now at Rood and Riddle) on endometritis. Very interesting stuff! (Google is your friend.)

From this source: http://www.sefarm.com/breeding-info/432-dirty-mares
"It has been proposed that endometrial biofilms that appear to be nonresponsive to conventional treatment are responsible for chronic endometritis. A bacterial biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate, such as the uterine lining. The biofilms’ complex structure greatly increases the resistance to antibiotic therapy. The presence of biofilms has been described in the mouth and in the bladder of people and has recently been suggested to occur in the uterus of the horse. This still needs to be documented, however. Researchers in Denmark have offered an alternative explanation for persistent bacterial endometritis. These veterinarians suggest that bacteria can persist in the endometrial glands and the uterine wall in a dormant state, which would increase their resistance to antibiotic therapy.To overcome some of the obstacles for effective antibiotics therapy in the uterus, supplemental treatments have been suggested:

  • A 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and acetylcysteine in a 20% solution have been added to uterine lavage fluids in mares with suspected biofilms in the uterus to break down mucus or clear biofilms.
  • Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, a chelating agent)-tris has been shown to be effective in decreasing the viability of [I]P. aeruginosa[/I] from horses.
  • Veterinarians have infused a variety of other solutions to treat infectious endometritis such as iodine, chlorhexidine, hypertonic saline, kerosene, and hydrogen peroxide. Many of these are strong irritants and can damage the endometrium. Therefore, veterinarians should use these treatments with caution.
  • Treatment with immunostimulatory agents has been reported to improve pregnancy rates in mares with persistent endometritis, but the mechanism is not fully understood."

Has anyone tried Bactivate?
http://horsetalk.co.nz/2013/03/17/treatment-breakthrough-for-infertile-mares/[/QUOTE]

FWIW, Michelle LeBlanc is a good friend and was the vet who recommended a DMSO lavage for my Rubinstein I mare back when I had not been able to get her in foal for several years, despite a good biopsy, no infection, good cycles, no other detectable problems (we even did a scope of her uterus). The dmso lavage worked and she went on to have quite a few foals.

I would definitely check out anything Michelle has put her name on. She is a brilliant researcher.

[QUOTE=RunningwaterWBs;6910810]
I’ve been doing lots of reading about biofilm and work done by Michelle LeBlanc (now at Rood and Riddle) on endometritis. Very interesting stuff! (Google is your friend.)

From this source: http://www.sefarm.com/breeding-info/432-dirty-mares
"It has been proposed that endometrial biofilms that appear to be nonresponsive to conventional treatment are responsible for chronic endometritis. A bacterial biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate, such as the uterine lining. The biofilms’ complex structure greatly increases the resistance to antibiotic therapy. The presence of biofilms has been described in the mouth and in the bladder of people and has recently been suggested to occur in the uterus of the horse. This still needs to be documented, however. Researchers in Denmark have offered an alternative explanation for persistent bacterial endometritis. These veterinarians suggest that bacteria can persist in the endometrial glands and the uterine wall in a dormant state, which would increase their resistance to antibiotic therapy.To overcome some of the obstacles for effective antibiotics therapy in the uterus, supplemental treatments have been suggested:

  • A 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and acetylcysteine in a 20% solution have been added to uterine lavage fluids in mares with suspected biofilms in the uterus to break down mucus or clear biofilms.
  • Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, a chelating agent)-tris has been shown to be effective in decreasing the viability of [I]P. aeruginosa[/I] from horses.
  • Veterinarians have infused a variety of other solutions to treat infectious endometritis such as iodine, chlorhexidine, hypertonic saline, kerosene, and hydrogen peroxide. Many of these are strong irritants and can damage the endometrium. Therefore, veterinarians should use these treatments with caution.
  • Treatment with immunostimulatory agents has been reported to improve pregnancy rates in mares with persistent endometritis, but the mechanism is not fully understood."

Has anyone tried Bactivate?
http://horsetalk.co.nz/2013/03/17/treatment-breakthrough-for-infertile-mares/[/QUOTE]

FWIW, Michelle LeBlanc is a good friend and was the vet who recommended a DMSO lavage for my Rubinstein I mare back when I had not been able to get her in foal for several years, despite a good biopsy, no infection, good cycles, no other detectable problems (we even did a scope of her uterus). The dmso lavage worked and she went on to have quite a few foals.
Matts, the author of the article linked above, was the UF vet (he was in FL then) who gave Rubi an entire clean slate. My regular vet was in touch with him after we “fixed” Rubi with Michelle’s old tie dmso solution. I agree with Hillside that dmso should be used as a last resort and carefully.

It was your post, HAF, on an old thread about DMSO lavage that prompted me to research LeBlanc articles. :slight_smile: Just found that Matts article this morning and posted it because it had a succinct blurb about biofilm. Very interesting that you’ve dealt with both and that Matts was stumped. At least he had the sense to involve LeBlanc.

Edited to add: The mare I’m trying this on is Diorella, an SPS overall 8 Donnerhall mare, so I feel she deserves every effort.

My vet has said she’s had very good luck with infusions of DMSO (as stated above, 5% DMSO in 60cc saline is infused). She said she thinks that the use of oxytocin has helped to outmode DMSO lavage (oxytocin followed infusion by 6-8hrs). I’ve decided to trust her on this because she has considerable experience with it and has gotten good (live foal) pregnancy rates, but I’m worried that I should be lobbying for a true lavage.

Can anyone comment on this?

Matts was the senior repro vet at UF veterinary school then. He said that he felt she had a perfect chance of conceiving with fresh semen. Two doses of Fabuleux later, my own personal vet Randy Emmons consulted Michelle. She told him about the research she had been doing that showed that some mares seemed to have a mucus-like coating in the uterus that was preventing pregnancy. She had been playing with dmso as a way to clear the coating. Later, when we had a pregnancy, my vet reported what we had done to Michelle and to Dr. Troedssen. It takes a village. :wink:

Kendra, we had used oxytocin religiously with Rubi, even though she did not seem to need it. The dmso made the difference.

[QUOTE=Home Again Farm;6911064]
Kendra, we had used oxytocin religiously with Rubi, even though she did not seem to need it. The dmso made the difference.[/QUOTE]

Mary Lou, Kendra was referring to the use of oxytocin to encourage clearance from a dmso infusion, vs. a dmso lavage.

My vet uses two lavages of dmso, followed by a dmso infusion and oxytocin.

Kendra’s vet is using the infusion method only, with oxytocin - no lavage.

Is she caslicksed? My mare is very easy to get in foal, and no flushing, etc needed, but she has to be caslicksed. I have a caslicks put in the day after she foals, and removed when due. Not down tight, as we can still inseminate her. She was open for 4 years, and once we figured the caslicks out, she had 9 babies, before I retired her, and she was still an easy breeder. She does not appear to need one, but her biopsy said inflammation.

[QUOTE=Donella;6910425]
So, I have an 11 yr old maiden mare. I got her this last fall from a friend who hasn’t had any success with her and she thought that I should give it a go. She was bred the last three years (fresh cooled) and caught right away , first try every time. She lost all of the pregnancies, one at 30 days, 45 days and then at 10 months. The previous owner did not have access to a good vet so wasn’t able to do a biopsy ect. I did one when I got her, as well as a cytology and a culture. Cytology was normal, Biopsy score IIB due to endometriitis. Culture showed some bacterial growth but not much, vet thought maybe from contamination. Vet thought we should flush her with an antibiotic anyways, which we did. This was about four months ago.

I go back and forth between just breeding her (and doing everything I can to help her conceive and carry) or just doing an ET. I am thinking obviously flushing post insemination and following the oxytocin protocol as well as a caslix. Is there anything else I can do? My vet thinks she should be on antibiotics and regumate the whole pregnancy but honestly that seems a bit extreme to me. Wwyd if this were your mare? I guess I am hoping that with a bit more management she will be able to carry to term?

I was planning on breeding her via frozen (deep horn) with a smaller than normal dose of frozen to try and prevent post breeding inflammation though obviously catching doesn’t really seem to be the problem. Or should I stick to fresh?

Hard to make a decision here, any thoughts would be greatly appreciated. Kathy, would love your opinion!![/QUOTE]

Donella - a DMSO betadine flush may improve her chances or may not. I now own a mare where the previous owner did this and she still aborted at month 9. Prior to the DMSO/betadine flush, she had suffered multiple 3rd trimester losses and scored grade IIB biopsy. The DMSO/Betadine does not always remove all the fibrosis.

I got the mare and spent a little while researching and figuring out what I could and could not do with her. Then I decided, there were still things we could do to possibly make her successful. We learned from Kathy St. Martin and Jos that some mares are more successful on 7 days of antibiotics each month of their pregnancy. Discussed this with the Therio and the other things we planned to do (mentioned below) and he concurred that as a very good plan of action!

So, we bred her and let her carry the pregnancy. We decided to go with Unipim 7 days out of every month starting at month 5. She also gets 4000 mg of Omega-3 oil caplets and 2000 IU of vitamin E. I use human-grade even though it is a bit more expensive, but the dosages are exact and the O3 is purified free of heavy metals and PCBs. (She still got Hoffman’s minerals in addition). They dissolve readily in a cup of hot water. The Omega-3 will be discontinued at day 320 as well - note Omega-3 is thought to improve vascular perfusion, have antiinflammatory effects, and increase clotting time, so you should discontinue a couple weeks before anticipated delivery! It doesn’t take me hardly any time to boil a kettle, pour it in a cup, drop in her oil caplets, stir, and drizzle it over her feed. And all of 20 seconds to drop a scoop of Uniprim in. She seems to quite like the taste, actually, and eats her feed with more gusto with the Uniprim in it. In the scheme of things, this 5 minutes of my day is negligible.

Naturally, she also has a Caslicks in place, and we made good and sure she was clean before breeding. Prior to breeding I did P&E on her to help increase uterine perfusion, and we made optimum use of oxytocin protocol for 48 hours post insemination, adhering to a strict every 6 hours round the clock.

She’s hanging on so far. She’s at day 267 and has about 10 weeks to go and as far as I’m concerned, this was a very do-able and valid option to try before going the more expensive ET route. In the grand scheme of things, 7 days of antibiotics per month and a few bucks on O3 and extra vitamin E is mere pennies versus losing a valuable foal. We use Uniprim (SMZ), costing only $27 a month. She’ll finish her last dose of Uniprim at day 320.

We did not start her on Regumate because we could not prove she had cervical incompetence. Personally, I would not start your mare on Regumate unless you knew she had an incompetent cervix, but this is best decided between you and your vet. It may be that Regumate could be the thing that keeps the cervix more tightly closed and keeps your foal cooking until it’s duely appointed time.

I figure, if we took the time to do everything possible for her and she was successful, then this was optimum. If we do all of this and she still loses it, well then we know we did everything and can go on with the much more expensive ET route.

Our mare is also extremely fertile. When she was bred, she ovulated a second time 4 days after the first. She produced 2 viable embryos despite only being inseminated in time for the first ovulation, and the twin had to be reduced. We put her on several days of banamine following the reduction.

We chose to use fresh semen with her. We explained the situation and our plan of action to the stallion owner and they were fantastic to work with. We were just charged booking and collection and will owe the stud fee if she lands a viable foal who stands and sucks. We’re in her critical time, so now we wait and see and pray.

I did also discuss with the vet my very real and valid concern for antibiotic resistance. He did state that while that could become a possibility, it was unlikely and in her case, the benefits of the Uniprim outweighed the consequences. SMZ has very good penetration and treatment when it comes to subacute placentitis and a lot of placentitis can be due to ascending bacterial vaginal infections, i.e. infections working their way up the vagina and eating through the mucus plug and getting indoors so-to-speak. With our mare, we were going with the theory that not only was her grade IIB biopsy score contributing to 3rd trimester fetal loss, but quite possibly a subacute bacterial placentitis or ascending bacteriosis. We just thought it prudent to try to cover as many of the bases as we could feasibly do. We pay very close attention to her nutrition and carry out precise vaccination and deworming protocol.

We may yet start her on altrenogist, but this is undecided at the moment. Again, adding altrenogist to her regimen is pennies to dollars. Altrenogist costs far less in the grand scheme of things than losing a multi-thousand dollar foal. Far cheaper than Regumate, you can ask your vet to get you the compounded altrenogist. The generic altrenogist I got from the vet is double the concentrate of the brand Regumate, so I would only need to use 6 cc a day and half the cost. A 500 mL bottle was $300 and is equivalent to 1 L of Regumate (which costs around $500).

Ah, now I see. We did oxy and I wouldn’t use the dmso without it.

[QUOTE=ahf;6911115]
Mary Lou, Kendra was referring to the use of oxytocin to encourage clearance from a dmso infusion, vs. a dmso lavage.

My vet uses two lavages of dmso, followed by a dmso infusion and oxytocin.

Kendra’s vet is using the infusion method only, with oxytocin - no lavage.[/QUOTE]

^ Yes, exactly as ahf said, and I’m struggling with whether this is the right course of action.

Kyla, I hope you don’t feel your thread has been hijacked! I would go for it with your mare, especially since she’s only 11 and if you were to discover she’s a great producer you’d have time for a few more foals.

Thanks guys for all the input, greatly appreciated!! So it sounds like most that have done the DMSO lavage have had very good success with it? I almost feel ready to move to “the last resort” because she has lost three foals in a row and has that biopsy score. If the DMSO lavage is done by a competent therio, the risks should be minimal right??

I suppose there is that chance that the caslix could make all the difference as that was never done previously but she looks decent conformationally??

Re frozen…am I really increasing my risk of post breeding inflammation via breeding with say, one straw of frozen? Is that still more irritating than a dose of fresh cooled?

Kendra, no worries, it is all very interesting and I of course appreciate hearing everyone else’s experiences/issues regarding this topic.

Have you thought of doing an embryo transplant? She seems like the perfect candidate.